Table 1.
Characteristics of patients (aged ≥ 18 years old) before and after propensity-score matching (1:1 matching based on greedy nearest-neighbour matching with a caliper of 0.25 × standard deviation). Paxlovid – patients who contracted COVID-19 anytime between 1/1/2022–6/8/2022 and were treated with Paxlovid within 5 days of COVID-19 diagnosis. Molnupiravir – patients who contracted COVID-19 anytime between 1/1/2022–6/8/2022 and were treated with Molnupiravir within 5 days of COVID-19 diagnosis. The status for adverse socioeconomic determinants of health, medical conditions, medications, procedures, and EHR-based COVID-19 vaccination status were based on presences of related codes in patient EHRs anytime up to 1 day before Paxlovid or Molnupiravir treatment. SMD – standardized mean differences.
| Before Matching | After Matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paxlovid | Molnupiravir | SMD | Paxlovid | Molnupiravir | SMD | |
| Total number | 11,270 | 2,374 | 2,226 | 2,226 | ||
| Age at index event (years, mean±SD) | 56.0± 16.4 | 62.0 ± 15.6 | 0.37* | 61.4 ± 15.5 | 61.5 ± 15.7 | 0.009 |
| Sex (%) | ||||||
| Female | 60.7 | 56.8 | 0.08 | 55.9 | 57.4 | 0.03 |
| Male | 39.3 | 43.2 | 0.08 | 44.1 | 42.6 | 0.03 |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||||
| Hispanic/Latinx | 22.0 | 2.8 | 0.61* | 3.0 | 3.0 | <.001 |
| Not Hispanic/Latinx | 61.5 | 86.8 | 0.60* | 86.3 | 85.9 | 0.009 |
| Unknown | 16.6 | 10.4 | 0.18* | 10.8 | 11.1 | 0.01 |
| Race (%) | ||||||
| Asian | 2.5 | 0.9 | 0.12* | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.02 |
| Black | 8.2 | 5.3 | 0.12* | 5.5 | 5.6 | 0.004 |
| White | 82.2 | 89.3 | 0.20* | 88.9 | 88.6 | 0.01 |
| Unknown | 6.8 | 4.5 | 0.10* | 4.6 | 4.8 | 0.009 |
| Adverse socioeconomic determinants of health (%) | 9.0 | 23.0 | 0.39* | 19.3 | 19.9 | 0.01 |
| Pre-existing medical conditions and treatments (%) | ||||||
| Heart diseases | 13.0 | 28.3 | 0.39* | 25.9 | 25.7 | 0.005 |
| Cancer | 43.6 | 58.6 | 0.30* | 55.3 | 56.3 | 0.02 |
| Hypertension | 46.4 | 67.1 | 0.43* | 64.4 | 65.2 | 0.02 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 8.8 | 19.6 | 0.31* | 18.1 | 17.5 | 0.01 |
| Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 30.2 | 41.4 | 0.23* | 38.8 | 39.8 | 0.02 |
| Chronic kidney diseases | 9.0 | 32.7 | 0.42* | 28.8 | 28.2 | 0.01 |
| Chronic liver diseases | 12.6 | 19.9 | 0.20* | 18.9 | 18.4 | 0.01 |
| Overweight and obesity | 30.4 | 37.7 | 0.15* | 37.0 | 36.9 | 0.003 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 19.1 | 36.2 | 0.38* | 32.7 | 32.6 | 0.004 |
| Disorders involving the immune mechanisms | 4.4 | 7.2 | 0.12* | 7.1 | 7.1 | 0.001 |
| Congenital disorders | 13.6 | 22.6 | 0.24* | 20.8 | 20.8 | 0.001 |
| Mood disorders including depression | 28.4 | 42.7 | 0.30* | 39.7 | 40.3 | 0.01 |
| Psychotic disorders | 1.9 | 4.7 | 0.16* | 4.3 | 4.0 | 0.02 |
| Behavioral disorders | 6.1 | 6.4 | 0.01 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 0.02 |
| Substance use disorders | 15.4 | 24.3 | 0.23* | 22.2 | 22.5 | 0.008 |
| Alzheimer’s disease | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.07 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.004 |
| HIV | 2.4 | 5.6 | 0.16* | 4.5 | 4.4 | 0.009 |
| Thalassemia | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.04 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.02 |
| Organ Transplant | 0.8 | 3.6 | 0.20* | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.003 |
| Tobacco smoker | 8.1 | 13.8 | 0.18* | 12.6 | 12.8 | 0.008 |
| Immunosuppressants | 6.5 | 9.5 | 0.11* | 9.1 | 8.8 | 0.01 |
| COVID-19 vaccine documented in EHRs (%) | 19.9 | 12.7 | 0.20* | 13.7 | 13.5 | 0.008 |
SMD greater than 0.1, a threshold being recommended for declaring imbalance.