Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the participants
|
|
|
Benign etiology (n = 34)
|
Malignant etiology (n = 21)
|
Control (n = 40)
|
P
value
|
| Gender | Female | 12 (35%) | 9 (43%) | 13 (32%) | |
| Male | 22 (65%) | 12 (57%) | 27 (68%) | ||
| Age (yr) | Median (Q1-Q3) | 55.0 (43.0-67.0) | 66.0 (60.5-83.0) | 55.0 (43.0-67.0) | |
| Min-max | 33-84 | 55-88 | 39-90 | ||
| Biliary obstruction etiology | Biliary stones | 28 (82%) | |||
| Chronic pancreatitis | 5 (15%) | ||||
| Stenosing papillitis | 1 (3%) | ||||
| Tumor of pancreatic head | 15 (72%) | ||||
| Malignant lymphadenopathy | 4 (19%) | ||||
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 2 (9%) | ||||
| Duration of biliary obstruction (d) | 10.0 (5.0-20.2) | 14.0 (10.0-21.0) | NA | 0.0451 | |
| Body weight (kg) | 80.5 (73.5-92.0) | 61.0 (46.0-75.8) | 72.5 (63.0-75.4) | 0.041 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 (23.7-28.7) | 21.8 (17.0-24.0) | 25.8 (22.9-27.9) | 0.0011 | |
| Weight loss (%) | 3.8 (0.0-7.6) | 12.0 (8.1-18.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0022 | |
| Body fat (%) | 24.0 (22.0-25.3) | 19.0 (13.0-24.0) | 29.5 (27.0-32.0) | < 0.0012 | |
| NRS 2002 | 2.5 (0.0-3.3) | 4.0 (3.5-5.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | < 0.0012 | |
| NRS 2002 | < 3 | 17 (50%) | 2 (9.5%) | 38 (95%) | < 0.0012 |
| ≥ 3 | 17 (50%) | 19 (90.5%) | 2 (5%) | ||
| Appetite (VAS) | 4.0 (2.8-6.3) | 3.0 (2.0-6.0) | 4.0 (2.0-5.0) | 0.6412 | |
| Pain (VAS) | 0.0 (0.0-1.3) | 1.0 (0.0-2.5) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0012 | |
| Helicobacter pylori infection | 12 (35.2%) | 8 (38.1%) | 3 (7.5%) | 0.0052 | |
| Smoking | 15 (44.1%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (17.5%) | < 0.0012 |
1
Mann-Whitney U test (comparison between benign and malignant groups).
2
Kruskal-Wallis test (comparison between all three groups).
Values are presented as median (Q1-Q3) for continuous and as n (%) for categorical variables. BMI: Body mass index; NRS: Nutritional risk screening; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; NA: Not available.