Table 2.
Prognostic factors of COVID-19 vaccine-associated myelitis.
| Variables | Good recovery* N(%) or Mean±SD | Poor recovery* N(%) or Mean±SD | OR(95%CI) | Pvalue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 46.3 ± 16.9 | 65.5 ± 17.7 | NA | 0.003 |
| Sex Male Female |
9/21(42.8) 12/21(57.2) |
5/10(50) 5/10(50) |
0.75(0.16–3.4) |
1.00 |
| Type of vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Pfizer(BNT162b2) Moderna Sinopharm Janssen |
11/21(52.4) 3/21(14.3) 5/21(23.8) 1/21(4.75 1/21(4.75) |
1/10(10) 5/10(50) 2/10(20) 2/10(20) 0/10(0) |
0.1(0.01–0.95) 6(1.05–34.2) 0.8(0.13–5.1) 5(0.4–63.2) 0.95(0.86–1.05) |
0.04 0.07 1.00 1.00 1.00 |
| Dose of vaccine First Second |
19/21(90.5) 2/21(9.5) |
5/10(50) 5/10(50) |
9.5(1.4–64.4) |
0.02 |
| Interval between symptoms onset to nadir <7 days ≥7 days |
8/14(57.2) 6/14(42.8) |
5/10(50) 5/10(50) |
1.07(0.2–5.77) |
1.00 |
| Clinical symptoms/signs spectrum Motor Sensory Motor-Sensory Sensory-Sphincter Motor-Sphincter Motor-Sensory- Sphincter |
1/21(4.75) 4/21(19.1) 5/21(23.8) 1/21(4.75) 0/21(0) 10/21(47.6) |
1/10(10) 0/10(0) 2/10(20) 0/10(0) 1/10(10) 6/10(60) |
2.2(0.12–39.6) 0.81(0.65–0.99) 0.8(0.12–5.1) 0.95(0.86–1.05) 1.1(0.9–1.36) 1.65(0.36–7.6) |
1.00 0.27 1.00 1.00 0.32 0.70 |
| CSF analysis CSF pleocytosis (>5 cells/µl) CSF protein >45 mg/dl |
10/21(47.6) 13/21(61.9) |
4/10(40) 5/10(50) |
0.73(0.16–3.4) 0.61(0.13–2.8) |
1.00 0.70 |
| MRI GD enhancing lesion Yes No |
13/21(61.9) 8/21(38.1) |
5/10(50) 5/10(50) |
0.61(0.13–2.8) |
0.70 |
| LETM Yes No |
13/21(61.9) 8/21(38.1) |
7/10(70) 3/10(30) |
1.43(0.28–7.2) |
1.000 |
| Width of the spinal cord involvement Complete Partial |
1/13(7.7) 12/13(92.3) |
4/9(44.4) 5/9(55.6) |
9.6(0.84–108.7) |
0.11 |
| Treatment MTP MTP+PLEX MTP+IVIG PLEX+IVIG MTP+PLEX+RTX No treatment |
15/21(71.5) 2/21(9.5) 1/21(4.75) 0/21(0) 1/21(4.75) 2/21(9.5) |
5/10(50) 4/10(40) 0/10(0) 1/10(10) 0/10(0) 0/10(7.7) |
0.4(0.08–1.9) 6.3(0.92–43.6) 0.95(0.86–1.05) 1.1(0.9–1.4) 0.95(0.86–1.05) 0.9(0.78–1.04) |
0.42 0.06 1.00 0.32 1.00 1.00 |
| MRS at admission | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 0.48 | NA | 0.001 |
⁎
Good recovery and poor recovery means MRS<3 and MRS≥3, respectively, at the follow-up period.
SD: standard deviation; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; NA: not applicable; COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; GD: gadolinium; LETM: longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis; MTP: pulse methylprednisolone; PLEX: plasma exchange; IVIG: intravenous immunoglobuline; RTX: rituximab; MRS: Modified Rankin Score.