Table 2. Meta-analyses of the association between polymorphisms in candidate genes and COVID-19 development and severity.
| Polymorphism | Localization/Position | Inheritance model | Studies | I2 | Model | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 infection vs. Control | ||||||
| ACE2 rs2285666 | chrX:15592225 / Intron | Dominant | 3 | 64.1% | Random | 0.95 (0.57–1.56) |
| ACE2 rs41303171 | chrX:15564175 / Exon | Allele | 3 | 66.3% | Random | 1.52 (0.24–9.61) |
| Dominant | 3 | 67.8% | Random | 1.36 (0.20–9.20) | ||
| ACE1 Ins/Del | chr17:63488530–63488543 / Intron | Allele | 4 | 61.7% | Random | 1.00 (0.82–1.22) |
| Dominant | 4 | 64.1% | Random | 0.95 (0.70–1.28) | ||
| Recessive | 4 | 64.2% | Random | 0.93 (0.64–1.37) | ||
| Additive | 4 | 72.3% | Random | 0.89 (0.55–1.46) | ||
| TMPRSS2 rs12329760 | chr21:41480570 / Exon | Allele | 3 | 12.6% | Fixed | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) |
| Dominant | 3 | 0% | Fixed | 1.18 (0.96–1.45) | ||
| CCR5 rs333 | chr3:46373453–46373487 / Exon | Allele | 3 | 44.6% | Fixed | 0.80 (0.68–0.96)* |
| Dominant | 3 | 40.3% | Fixed | 0.82 (0.68–0.98)* | ||
| ApoE ε4 | chr19:44908684 and chr19:44908822† / Exon | Allele | 3 | 41.8% | Fixed | 1.32 (1.20–1.45)* |
| Dominant | 3 | 58.2% | Random | 1.38 (1.09–1.75)* | ||
| Recessive | 3 | 28.2% | Fixed | 1.94 (1.50–2.50)* | ||
| Additive | 3 | 27.1% | Fixed | 2.05 (1.58–2.65)* | ||
| ABO rs8176719 | chr9:133257521–133257522 / Exon | Allele | 3 | 80.7% | Random | 1.22 (0.99–1.49) |
| COVID-19 mild/moderate vs. severe | ||||||
| ACE1Ins/Del | chr17:63488530–63488543 / Intron | Allele | 5 | 45.4% | Fixed | 0.67 (0.56–0.82)* |
| Dominant | 5 | 41.4% | Fixed | 0.62 (0.47–0.83)* | ||
| Recessive | 5 | 0% | Fixed | 0.69 (0.50–0.95)* | ||
| Additive | 5 | 0% | Fixed | 0.49 (0.33–0.72)* | ||
| TMPRSS2 rs12329760 | chr21:41480570 / Exon | Allele | 5 | 0% | Fixed | 0.77 (0.66–0.91)* |
| Dominant | 5 | 0% | Fixed | 0.74 (0.61–0.90)* | ||
| Recessive | 5 | 0% | Fixed | 0.71 (0.44–1.15) | ||
| Additive | 5 | 0% | Fixed | 0.65 (0.40–1.06) | ||
| CCR5 rs333 | chr3:46373453–46373487 / Exon | Allele | 3 | 67.2% | Random | 0.83 (0.59–1.16) |
| Dominant | 3 | 67.4% | Random | 0.83 (0.58–1.18) | ||
| IFITM3 rs12252 | chr11:320772 / Exon | Allele | 4 | 65.6% | Random | 1.04 (0.62–1.75) |
| Dominant | 4 | 65.8% | Random | 0.97 (0.53–1.77) | ||
| Recessive | 4 | 22.5% | Fixed | 1.04 (0.44–2.46) | ||
| Additive | 4 | 34.3% | Fixed | 0.78 (0.31–1.91) | ||
| ApoE ε4 | chr19:44908684 and chr19:44908822† / Exon | Allele | 3 | 0% | Fixed | 1.36 (1.07–1.73)* |
| Dominant | 3 | 0% | Fixed | 1.30 (0.97–1.72) | ||
| ABO rs8176719 | chr9:133257521–133257522 / Exon | Allele | 4 | 0% | Fixed | 0.94 (0.85–1.05) |
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
* Indicates a significant association at P <0.05.
† Location of the two polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412) that generated the ApoE ε4 haplotype.