Table 1.

Demographic data.

Valuables	Group A (n = 100)	Group L (n = 100)	P value
Sex (M/F)	48/52	39/61	.199
Age (yr)	59.0 ± 14.2	63.9 ± 14.1	.085
Height (cm)	162.9 ± 10.9	161.9 ± 9.4	.524
Weight (kg)	67.2 ± 13.9	64.8 ± 11.9	.414
BMI	25.2 ± 3.7	24.6 ± 2.9	.335
Level of procedure (L1/L2/L3/L4/L5)	0/1/10/41/48	0/1/6/31/62	.244
Side of procedure (right/left)	45/55	46/54	.887
Number of intermittent fluoroscopic monitoring before real-time fluoroscopy
Anteroposterior	3.7 ± 2.0	3.4 ± 1.3	.570
Oblique	8.2 ± 3.5	7.9 ± 3.8	.276
Lateral	6.2 ± 2.3	6.6 ± 2.8	.486
Procedure time (s)	172.5 ± 71.4	176.6 ± 74.7	.380
Fluoroscopic time (min)	0.27 ± 0.12	0.27 ± 0.12	.931

Values are expressed as a number or the mean ± standard deviation.

BMI = body mass index, F = female, M= male.