Table 1.
Comparison between those with and without elevated Stress Hyperglycaemia Ratio (SHR ≥1.14).
| Patients with SHR ≥ 1.14 (n = 164) | Patients with SHR < 1.14 (n = 287) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years | 60.77 (12.51) | 57.75 (13.73) | 0.02 |
| Gender | M: 108F: 56 | M: 171F: 115 | 0.23 |
| Severity of COVID-19 at admission | Moderate = 30 (18.0.3%) Severe = 85 (51.8%) Critical = 49 (29.9%) |
Moderate = 72 (25.1%) Severe = 139 (48.4%) Critical = 76 (26.5%) |
0.25 |
| Known Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or Prediabetes | DM = 88 (53.7%) Prediabetes = 9 (5.5%) None = 67 (40.9%) |
DM = 128 (44.6%) Prediabetes = 39 (13.6%) None = 120 (41.8%) |
0.02 |
| SpO2 (%) at admission | 83.46 (7.86) * | 86.27 (6.92) | <0.001 |
| Charlston comorbidity index | 4.67 (3.50) | 4.42 (3.46) | 0.46 |
| 25-point CT Severity score | 11.95 (5.31) | 11.08 (5.09) | 0.08 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 135.26 (266.12) | 151.90 (536.32) | 0.71 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 152.61 (163.61)* | 113.20 (112.73) | 0.003 |
| LDH (mg/dl) | 585.93 (448.22)* | 456.51 (304.26) | <0.001 |
| D – dimer (ng/ml) | 3945.2(3605.90) | 2984.13 (3304.02) | 0.003 |
| Procalcitonin (mcg/L) | 2.97 (5.36) | 3.09 (11.74) | 0.901 |
| Neutrophil:Lymphocyte ratio | 36.23 (29.89( | 29.88 (48.72) | 0.131 |
|
HbA1c%(NGSP) HbA1c in mmol/mol (IFCC) |
6.68 (1.84) 49.5 (6) |
6.44 (1.57) 46(5) |
0.135 |
| ABG (mg/dl) | 194.68 (71.97)* | 145.83 (50.08) | <0.001 |
| SHR | 1.36 (0.13)* | 1.06 (0.09) | <0.001 |
| In hospital mortality | 88 (53.7%) * | 43 (15%) | <0.001 |
|
Any secondary outcome Required ICU stay Required mechanical ventilation Hospital acquired sepsis MODS |
117 (71.3%)* 105 (64%) * 85 (51.8%) * 81 (49.4%) * 39 (23.9%) * |
101 (35.2%) 79 (27.5%) 67 (23.3%) 56 (19.5%) 45 (15.7%) |
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.02 |
| Duration of ICU stay in days | 10.81 (7.59) | 5.04 (5.97) | 0.67 |
|
Prior medication for DM Metformin Sulfonylureas Thiazolidinediones α-glucosidase inhibitor DPP4 inhibitors GLP1Ra SGLT2i |
70 (72.2%) 29 (33%) 13 (14.8%) 14(15.9%) 58 (65.9%) 1 38 (43.2%) |
98 (58.7%) 67 (50%) 20 (15.5%) 32(25.2%) 77 (60.2%) 1 51 (39.8%) |
0.03 0.01 0.98 0.13 0.48 0.67 |
*Denotes significant differences between the two groups with and without SHR ≥ 1.14 (p < 0.05 All values are expressed as mean (SD) or number (percentage) except SHR which is expressed as median (IQR). ABG = Absolute blood glucose at admission, SHR = Stress hyperglycemia ratio, SHR was derived from the formula (Blood glucose a admission) / estimated Average Glucose (eAG) derived from HbA1c% at admission. IL-6 = Interleukin-6, CRP = C-Reactive Protein, LDH = Lactate dehydrogenase, MODS = Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.