Table 3.
Combined diagnostic panels of fibrosis biomarkers.
| Models | Variables | AUC | Diagnostic efficacy | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FibroTest | A2M, APOA1, HP, TBIL, GGT | Advanced fibrosis: 0.79 | — | [44] |
| NFS | Age, BMI, diabetes, AST/ALT, PLT, ALB | Advanced fibrosis: 0.88 | Advanced fibrosis: cut-off: <-1.455, SEN: 82%, SPE: 77%; cut-off: >0.676, SEN: 51%, SPE: 98% | [61] |
| FIB-4 | Age, AST, PLT, ALT | Advanced fibrosis: 0.78 | Advanced fibrosis: cut-off: <1.3, SEN: 82%, SPE: 57%; cut-off: ≥2.67, SEN: 36%, SPE: 93% | [62] |
| HFS | Sex, age, diabetes, GLU, INS, HOMA, AST, ALB, PLT | Advanced fibrosis: 0.85 | Advanced fibrosis: cut-off: <0.12, SEN: 70.7%, SPE: 80.9%; cut-off: ≥0.47, SEN: 38%, SPE: 98% | [63] |
| APRI | AST/PLT | Moderate fibrosis: 0.73; advanced fibrosis: 0.76 | Moderate fibrosis: cut-off: 0.84, SEN: 65%, SPE: 71%; advanced fibrosis: cut-off: 0.84, SEN: 75%, SPE: 65% | [48] |
| ARR | AST/ALT | Moderate fibrosis: 0.65; advanced fibrosis: 0.68 | Moderate fibrosis: cut-off: 0.81, SEN: 54%, SPE: 68%; advanced fibrosis: cut-off: 0.85, SEN: 54%, SPE: 73% | [48] |
| BARD score | BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2, AST/ALT≥0.8, diabetes | Advanced fibrosis: 0.81 | Advanced fibrosis: PPV: 43%, NPV: 96% | [64] |
| FibroMeter NAFLD | Age, weight, GLU, ALT, AST, PLT, ferritin | Significant fibrosis: 0.94 | Significant fibrosis: SEN: 78.5%, SPE: 95.9% | [65] |
| BAAT score | Age, BMI, ALT, TG | Mild fibrosis: 0.68; advanced fibrosis: 0.62 | Mild fibrosis: cut-off: 2.00, SEN: 90.4%, SPE: 35%; advanced fibrosis: cut-off: 2.00, SEN: 94.9%, SPE: 23.8% | [66] |
| AP index | Age, PLT | Advanced fibrosis: 0.88 | — | [67] |
| CDS | PLT, AST/ALT, INR | Advanced fibrosis: 0.95 | Advanced fibrosis: cut-off: 5.00, SEN: 89%, SPE: 90% | [67] |
| HALT-C model | PLT, AST/ALT, INR | Advanced fibrosis: 0.91 | Advanced fibrosis: cut-off: 0.7-0.8, SEN: 89%, SPE: 83% | [67] |
| Hepascore | Age, gender, TBIL, GGT, A2M, HA | Moderate fibrosis: 0.73; advanced fibrosis: 0.81 | Moderate fibrosis: cut-off: 0.44, SEN: 50.5%, SPE: 88.3%; advanced fibrosis: cut-off: 0.37, SEN: 75.5%, SPE: 84.1% | [68] |
| — | A2M, HA, TIMP1 | Advanced fibrosis: 0.87 | Advanced fibrosis: cut-off: 17, SEN: 84.8%, SPE: 72.3% | [55] |
| ELF | HA, PIIINP, TIMP-1 | Advanced fibrosis: 0.95 | Advanced fibrosis: cut-off: 9.8, SEN: 86.7%, SPE: 92.5% | [56] |
| FibroMeterV2G | AST, urea, PLT, PT, HA, A2M | Advanced fibrosis: 0.80 | Advanced fibrosis: cut-off: ≥0.434, SEN: 68.3%, SPE: 75.6% | [69] |
| CA index | Type IV collagen, AST | NASH: 0.86; fibrosis: 0.92 | — | [70] |
| FM-fibro index | VCAM1, HA | Moderate fibrosis: 0.85; advanced fibrosis: 0.92 | — | [70] |
| FM-fibro index | VCAM1, type IV collagen | Moderate fibrosis: 0.86; advanced fibrosis: 0.92 | — | [70] |
| FM-fibro index | Type IV collagen, HA | Moderate fibrosis: 0.86; advanced fibrosis: 0.91 | — | [70] |
| ADAPT | Age, diabetes, PRO-C3, PLT | Advanced fibrosis: 0.86 | Advanced fibrosis: cut-off: >6.3287, PPV: 48.4%, NPV: 96.6% | [59] |
| FIB-C3 | Age, BMI, diabetes, PLT, PRO-C3 | Advanced fibrosis: 0.89 | Advanced fibrosis: cut-off: >-0.4, SEN: 83%, SPE: 80% | [71] |
| ABC3D | Age, BMI, diabetes, PLT, PRO-C3 | Advanced fibrosis: 0.88 | Advanced fibrosis: cut-off: >3, SEN: 77%, SPE: 82% | [71] |
NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; AUC: area under the curve; SEN: sensitivity; SPE: specificity; A2M: alpha-2 macroglobulin; APOA1: apolipoprotein A1; HP: haptoglobin; TBIL: total bilirubin; GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; BMI: body mass index; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; PLT: platelet; ALB: albumin; GLU: glucose; TG: triglyceride; INR: international normalized ratio; HA: hyaluronic acid; TIMP1: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1; PIIINP: procollagen III N-terminal peptide; PT: prothrombin time; VCAM1: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; PRO-C3: procollagen type III.