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. 2022 Mar 17;47(2):E86–E98. doi: 10.1503/jpn.210121

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© 2022 CMA Impact Inc. or its licensors

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original publication is properly cited, the use is noncommercial (i.e., research or educational use), and no modifications or adaptations are made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Negative correlations of TGF-β1 with visual cognitive performance and LOC thickness in schizophrenia. (A) TGF-β1 levels were negatively associated with visual learning and memory scores in patients with schizophrenia, but not in healthy controls. (B) A heatmap of TGF-β1, which bears significant correlations with MRI features, shows hierarchical clustering of the features. (C–E) TGF-β1 levels were negatively correlated with the mean thickness of the LOC and with the thickness of the left LOC (unadjusted p = 0.01) and right LOC in patients with schizophrenia, but not healthy controls. **Adjusted p < 0.01; ***adjusted p < 0.001. IPC = inferior parietal cortex; LOC = lateral occipital cortex; SPC = superior parietal cortex; TGF-β1 = transforming growth factor β1; TTC = transverse temporal cortex.