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. 2022 Jun 15;38(8):1105–1112. doi: 10.1007/s00383-022-05149-4

Table 2.

Downs and Black scale scores for the included studies by observer 1 and observer 2. The total scores and inter-observer agreement are also depicted in the table

Study Reporting External validity Internal validity- bias Internal validity-confounding Power Total scores
Methodological assessment by author 1
 Aygun et al. 2019 [12] 8 1 5 3 2 19
 Oztan et al. 2019 [2] 7 2 5 3 5 22
 Duman et al. 2020 [1] 7 1 5 3 0 16
 Gul et al. 2020 [13] 7 1 5 3 5 21
 Ates et al. 2020 [14] 8 1 5 3 3 20
Methodological assessment by author 2
 Aygun et al. 2019 [12] 8 1 5 3 2 19
 Oztan et al. 2019 [2] 8 1 5 3 5 22
 Duman et al. 2020 [1] 8 1 5 3 0 17
 Gul et al. 2020 [13] 8 1 5 3 5 22
 Ates et al. 2020 [14] 8 1 5 3 3 20
Total scores and inter-observer agreement
Study Rater 1 Rater 2 Mean Kappa value p value
 Aygun et al. 2019 [12] 19 19 19 0.9397  < 0.0001
 Oztan et al. 2019 [2] 22 22 22
 Duman et al. 2020 [1] 16 17 16.5
 Gul et al. 2020 [13] 21 22 21.5
 Ates et al. 2020 [14] 20 20 20