Fig. 4. Effects of defective regulation of c-di-AMP levels on biofilm formation of P. gingivalis WT, ∆pde_pg, and ∆cdaR and its colocalization with S. gordonii.

CLSM images of mono- and dual-species biofilms were analyzed by IMARIS image analysis software. The resultant biofilm parameters are summarized in the table. The cell community dimensions are provided as µm³/µm⁻² and the values of three biological replicates were calculated per unit that represent mean biovolume/unit ± SE, compactness/unit ± SE, dead/live ratio, and S. gordonii/P. gingivalis ratio, as determined by appropriate staining methods. Sg S. gordonii, Pg P. gingivalis, WT wild-type.