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. 2022 Jul 6;12:11398. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15682-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Assistance of the mannequin’s flexion–extension motions by the exosuit. (a) Experimental setup. The shoulder anchor was made with length-adjustable straps. The forearm anchor uses a BOA (BOA Technology Inc., Denver, USA) fastener to enable easy loosening and tightening. The upper ends of the BFM and TFM are connected to the shoulder anchor, and the lower ends are connected to the forearm anchor. A laser displacement sensor installed on the floor measured the contraction-relaxation displacement of the fabric muscle. A thermocouple inside the BFM and TFM to measure the temperature. (b) The mannequin arm lifts a 1-kg dumbbell with the assistance of the exosuit. When the BFM relaxes and the TFM contracts, the mannequin arm is in an extended state (left), and when the BFM contracts and the TFM relaxes, the arm becomes is in a flexed state (right). (c) Comparison of flexion and extension responses under three different conditions (see Video S2). (d) Relaxation times for the three different recovery ratios of BFM.