Table 2.
Viral vectored TB vaccine candidates that are currently in preclinical animal model phases.
| Candidate vaccines | Vectors | Antigens | Animals | Protective efficacy a | Route/dose of Mtb challenge | Sponsors/inventors | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RhCMV/TB s.c. | RhCMV | Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, Rv1733, Rv2626, Rv3407, RpfA, RpfC, RpfD | Rhesus macaques | ~2 b | i.b., 25/10 CFU | Oregon Health and Science University | (99) |
| MVA multiphasic s.c. | MVA | RpfB, RpfD, Ag85B, TB10.4, ESAT-6, Rv2029, Rv2626, Rv1733, Rv0111, Rv0569, Rv1813, Rv3407, Rv3478, Rv1807 | Rhesus macaques | N/A | N/A | Transgene, Advanced BioScience Laboratories | (63) |
| ChAd3-5Ag aerosol/i.m. prime, MVA-5Ag aerosol/i.d. boost | ChAd3-MVA | Ag85B, ESAT-6, Rv1733, Rv2626, and RpfD | Rhesus macaques | NS | i.b., ~15 CFU | Biomedical Primate Research Center | (120) |
| rMVA.acr i.d. | MVA | α-crystallin | Guinea pigs | 1.27 c | Aerosol, 5-10 CFU | University of Delhi South Campus | (64) |
| SeV85AB i.n. | SeV | Ag85A, Ag85B | Mice | ~0.8 | Aerosol, ~100 CFU | Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, ID Pharma | (42, 104, 105) |
| ChAdOx1.Rv1039c i.n. | ChAdOx1 | Rv1039c | Mice | ~1 | Aerosol, 50-100 CFU | University of Oxford | (91) |
| AdCh68Ag85A i.n. | AdCh68 | Ag85A | Mice | ~0.7 | Aerosol, ~100 CFU | McMaster University | (92, 93) |
| PR8.p25 i.n. | H1N1 PR8 | Ag85B | Mice | ~0.5 | Aerosol, ~100 CFU | The University of Sydney | (97) |
| MCMV85A i.v. | MCMV | Ag85A | Mice | ~0.6 | i.n., ~200 CFU | University of Oxford, Ludwig Maximilians University | (98) |
| MPT51 lentivirus i.t. | Lentivirus | MPT51 | Mice | ~1 | i.t., 1.2×104 CFU | Hamamatsu University School of Medicine | (106) |
| LAR f.p. | Lentivirus | Ag85B, Rv3425 | Mice | ~1 c | i.v., 1.2×106 CFU | Fudan University | (107) |
| LV vF/85A s.c./i.n. | Lentivirus | Ag85A | Mice | NS | i.n., 5×106 CFU d | University College London | (108) |
| A3-Len f.p. | Lentivirus | Ag85B, Rv3425 | Mice | ~0.3 | i.v., 6.8×105 CFU | Fudan University, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai | (109) |
| LV-AEG/SVGmu f.p. | Lentivirus | Ag85A, ESAT-6 | Mice | N/A | N/A | Pasteur Institute of Iran | (110) |
| VSVAg85A i.n./i.m. | VSV | Ag85A | Mice | ~0.6/0.1 | i.n., ~100 CFU | McMaster University | (113, 114) |
| VSV-846 i.n. | VSV | Rv2660c, Rv3615c, Mtb10.4 | Mice | ~1.5 | i.n., 1×107 CFU d | Soochow University | (115, 116) |
| rhPIV2-Ag85B i.n. | hPIV2 | Ag85B | Mice | ~1.9 | Aerosol, ~50 CFU | National Institute for Biomedical Innovation | (117, 118) |
| PIV5-85A/PIV5-85B i.n. | hPIV5 | Ag85A/Ag85B | Mice | ~1.2/0.4 | Aerosol, 50-100 CFU | University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine | (119) |
a
Bacterial load log reduction compared with vector-immunized/non-immunized animals in the lung.
b
Log reduction in the density of culturable Mtb (CFU/g) in all lung-draining lymph nodes.
c
Bacterial load log reduction of BCG prime-candidate vaccine boost group compared with BCG immunization group.
d
BCG infection.
f.p., foot pad; i.b., intrabronchial; i.d, intradermal; i.m., intramuscular; i.n., intranasal; i.p., intraperitoneal; i.t., intratracheal; i.v., intravascular; s.c., subcutaneous; N/A, not available; NS, not significant.