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. 2022 Jun 23;12:913432. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.913432

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Copyright © 2022 Liu, Zhou and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Relationship between gene expression profiles and HCC stemness using HCC bulk data from TCGA-LIHC. (A) Heatmap of Spearman’s correlation results of the gene expression profiles and four distinct stemness indices (Ben-Porath signature, Wong signature, Bhattacharya signature, and mRNA-si). A darker color represents a stronger correlation. (B) Correlation between the CSC markers, CD24, CD44, CD20, FOXM1, and EpCAM, and the gene expression profiles. (C) Different scores of the four distinct stemness indices between the low- and high-risk groups. (D) The transcriptome profiles of high-risk HCC patients were significantly enriched with stemness markers. (E) Among the high-risk patients, the frequency of higher stages and grades was more significantly elevated. Tumor stages and grades were color-coded as shown in the legend. NES, normalized enrichment score; CSC, cancer stem cells.