Table 3.
Relative risk of neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular and neuroimmune disorders in inpatients with COVID-19 compared to influenza inpatients and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia inpatients.
|
COVID- 19 positive
(n = 7,964) |
Influenza positive
(n = 4,142) |
RR (95%CI) |
COVID-19 positive
(n = 7,964) |
Influenza positive
(n = 4,142) |
RR (95%CI) |
COVID-19 positive
(n = 7,891) |
Pneumonia
(n = 1,474) |
RR (95%CI) |
COVID-19 positive
(n = 7,891) |
Pneumonia
(n = 1,474) |
RR
(95%CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 month, n (%) | 3 months, n (%) | 1 month, n (%) | 3 months, n (%) | |||||||||
| Ischemic stroke | 85 (1.07%) |
26 (0.63%) |
1.7
(1.1–2.6)* |
113 (1.4%) |
34 (0.8%) |
1.7
(1.2–2.5)* |
79 (1.0%) |
14 (0.9%) |
1.1 (0.6–1.9) |
107 (1.4%) |
19 (1.3%) |
1.18 (0.6–1.7) |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 6 (0.08%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 8 (0.1%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 9 (0.1%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 8 (0.1%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 4 (0.05%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 5 (0.06%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 6 (0.08%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 5 (0.06%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | 1 (0.01%) |
2 (0.05%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
2 (0.05%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
1 (0.07%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
1 (0.07%) |
N/A |
| Multiple sclerosis | 1 (0.01%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
1 (0.02%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
2 (0.1%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
2 (0.1%) |
N/A |
| Myasthenia gravis | 1 (0.01%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A |
| Narcolepsy | 0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A |
| 6 months, n (%) | 12 months, n (%) | 6 months, n (%) | 12 months, n (%) | |||||||||
| Alzheimer's disease | 4 (0.05%) |
1 (0.02%) |
N/A | 7 (0.09%) |
3 (0.07%) |
N/A | 4 (0.05%) |
0 | N/A | 7 (0.09%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A |
| Parkinson's disease | 0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 2 (0.03%) |
4 (0.1%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
0 | N/A | 3 (0.04%) |
3 (0.2%) |
N/A |
| Ischemic stroke | 128 (1.6%) |
39 (0.9%) |
1.7
(1.2–2.4)* |
145 (1.8%) |
58 (1.4%) |
1.3 (1.0–1.8) |
121 (1.5%) |
23 (1.6%) |
1.0 (0.6–1.5) |
139 (1.8%) |
28 (1.9%) |
0.9 (0.6–1.4) |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 10 (0.1%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 11 (0.14%) |
1 (0.02%) |
N/A | 10 (0.1%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 11 (0.1%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 5 (0.06%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 7 (0.09%) |
0 | N/A | 5 (0.1%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 7 (0.1%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | 1 (0.01%) |
2 (0.05%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
2 (0.05%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
1 (0.07%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
1 (0.07%) |
N/A |
| Multiple sclerosis | 1 (0.01%) |
2 (0.05%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
2 (0.05%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
2 (0.1%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
2 (0.1%) |
N/A |
| Myasthenia gravis | 1 (0.01%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 1 (0.01%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A |
| Narcolepsy | 0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A | 0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
N/A |
Statistical analyses were only conducted for diseases with ≥ 4 cases in each group.
*
Statistically significant RR (p < 0.05) are highlighted in bold.