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. 2022 Jun 23;16:907308. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.907308

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Copyright © 2022 Srimani, Schmidt, Gómez-Serranillos, Oster and Divakar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of lichenized secondary metabolites on circadian luminescence rhythms of U2OS-BL cells. Representative curve fits of Bmal1:luc luminescence rhythms in U2OS cells after treatment with different doses of usnic acid (A, UA/Blue) or evernic acid (B, EA/Red). Amplitude (C), Period (D), Phase (E), and Dampening effects (F) on bioluminescence rhythms in U2OS cells after treatment with EA (10 or 50 μg/ml; red) or UA (10 or 50 μg/ml; blue) vs. solvent control (PBS/ DMSO; black). Single measures are shown; error bars indicate means ± SEM (^*p < 0.05, ^***p < 0.001; 2-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test).