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. 2022 Jun 23;9:847580. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.847580

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Heat map demonstrating the expression levels of genes related to digestive enzymes; AMY2A (alpha 2A amylase), PNLIP (pancreatic lipase, CCK (cholecystokinin), and CELA1 (chymotrypsin-like elastase family, member 1) in the pancreas of broiler chickens received different levels of eugenol nanoemulsion pre- (at day 14) and post- (at 3rd week) E. coli O78 challenge detected by RT-qPCR technique. Values are means with their SE. The intensity of orange color denotes the degree of upregulation of the investigated genes. NC (negative control): birds fed basal diet without eugenol nanoemulsion and were not challenged, PC (positive control): birds fed a control diet without eugenol nanoemulsion and were challenged, eugenol nanoemulsion 100, 250, and 400: birds fed basal diet supplemented with 100, 250, and 400 mg/kg diet eugenol nanoemulsion. All groups except NC were challenged with E. coli O78 at 14 days of age. Different letters within the same row indicate a statistical significance (P < 0.05).