Figure 6.

Quantification of cecal APEC O78 loads (log₁₀ CFU) in response to eugenol nanoemulsion supplementation at the 1st and 3rd weeks post-challenge as was measured by qPCR assay. Values are means with their SE. NC (negative control): birds fed basal diet without eugenol nanoemulsion and were not challenged, PC (positive control): birds fed a control diet without eugenol nanoemulsion and were challenged, eugenol nanoemulsion 100, 250, and 400: birds fed basal diet supplemented with 100, 250, and 400 mg/kg diet eugenol nanoemulsion. All groups except NC were challenged with E. coli O78 at 14 days of age.