Figure 7.

RT-qPCR investigation of the relative mRNA expression levels of E. coli papC, iutA, iroN, and iss virulence genes in the cecal contents of broiler chickens fed different levels of eugenol nanoemulsion at the 1st- and 3rd-week post-challenges. Values are means with their SE. NC (negative control): birds fed basal diet without eugenol nanoemulsion and were not challenged, PC (positive control): birds fed a control diet without eugenol nanoemulsion and were challenged, eugenol nanoemulsion 100, 250, and 400: birds fed basal diet supplemented with 100, 250, and 400 mg/kg diet eugenol nanoemulsion. All groups except NC were challenged with E. coli O78 at 14 days of age.