. 2022 Jun 23;9:847580. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.847580

Table 5.

Effects of dietary supplementation of various concentrations of eugenol nanoemulsion on serum biochemical parameters of broilers post-challenge with E. coli O78.

Experimental group		1st week post challenge					3rd week post challenge
		Total protein (g/dl)	ALT (U/L)	AST (U/L)	Uric acid (μmol/L)	Creatinine (mg/dl)	Total protein (g/dl)	ALT (U/L)	AST (U/L)	Uric acid (μmol/L)	Creatinine (mg/dl)
Eugenol,	PC	1.48^e	68.73^a	82.83^a	17.80^a	0.62^a	1.53^c	54.97^a	75.30^a	16.53^a	0.56^a
(mg/kg)	NC	4.07^a	33.24^e	46.57^c	10.30^d	0.30^c	4.10^a	32.80^d	46.50^c	10.17^d	0.31^cd
	100	2.40^d	55.20^b	56.53^b	16.97^a	0.43^b	3.37^b	43.60^b	52.17^b	13.97^b	0.37^b
	250	2.87^c	47.40^c	56.30^b	15.17^b	0.37^bc	3.73b	37.20^c	47.83^c	12.17^c	0.35^bc
	400	3.60^b	38.83^d	54.73^b	12.57^c	0.34^c	4.20^a	33.53^d	46.43^c	9.57^d	0.29^d
	P-value	<0.001	<0.001	0.03	<0.001	<0.001	0.02	<0.001	0.04	<0.001	<0.001
	SEM	0.31	0.68	0.08	0.06	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.09

PC (positive control), birds fed basal diet and challenged with E. coli O78 at 14 days of age; NC (negative control), birds fed basal diet; SEM, standard error of the mean; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase. Means with different superscripts within the same row differ significantly (P < 0.05).