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. 2022 Jun 23;9:759928. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.759928

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Copyright © 2022 Wu, Han, Gong, Wan, Liu, Zhou, Zhang, Tang, Fang, Chen, Yang, Zhao, Wang, Zhanghuang and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The biosynthesis of circRNAs. (A) Intergenic circRNAs consisted of introns are formed by covalent bonding between the splicing sites which are flanked by GT-AG signals. (B) ecircRNA is formed through backsplicing of the 5’ splice site (donor site) to a 3’ splice site (acceptor site) of exon 1. (C) The excised lariat intron can pair to produce ciRNA. (D) The intron between exon 2 and exon 3 is removed and the 5’ splice site of exon 3 is brought close to 3’ splice site of exon 2, which formed ecircRNA with exons more than one. (E) The intron’s escape from removal between exon 3 and exon 4 makes the formation of EIciRNA.