Table 2.

Sperm analysis results for the different 25(OH)D groups (n = 119)

[2.2in,lr]Variables 25(OH)D (ng/ml)	Deficient (< 10) (n = 28)	Insufficient (10-30) (n = 65)	Sufficient (> 30) (n = 26)	P-value	Pairwise comparison (Mann-Whitney test)
Volume (ml)	1.47 $\pm$ 0.77 ${}^b$	3.39 $\pm$ 0.90 ${}^c$	5.46 $\pm$ 0.88 ${}^d$	$<$ 0.001 ${}^a$	b & c (p $<$ 0.001) d (p $<$ 0.001) c & d (p $<$ 0.001)
Sperm concentration (M/mL)	7.92 $\pm$ 3.82 ${}^b$	19.16 $\pm$ 3.62 ${}^c$	39.03 $\pm$ 9.30 ${}^d$	$<$ 0.001 ${}^a$	b & c (p $<$ 0.001) d (p $<$ 0.001) c & d (p $<$ 0.001)
Motile sperm (%)	29.67 $\pm$ 3.52 ${}^b$	38.50 $\pm$ 4.02 ${}^c$	62.73 $\pm$ 8.4 ${}^d$	$<$ 0.001 ${}^a$	b & c (p $<$ 0.001) d (p $<$ 0.001) c & d (p $<$ 0.001)
Progressive sperm (%)	19.00 $\pm$ 5.91 ${}^b$	28.60 $\pm$ 3.84 ${}^c$	59.76 $\pm$ 5.56 ${}^d$	$<$ 0.001 ${}^a$	b & c & d (p $<$ 0.001) c & d (p $<$ 0.001)
Normal sperm morphology (%)	2.57 $\pm$ 0.57 ${}^b$	3.13 $\pm$ 0.99 ${}^e$	4.92 $\pm$ 0.97 ${}^d$	$<$ 0.001 ${}^a$	b & e (p $<$ 0.001) & d (p $<$ 0.001) e & d (p $<$ 0.001)
Data presented as Mean $\pm$ SD. M/ml: Million per milliliter, 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxy vitamin D, Differences between the 3 groups were tested using Kruskal-Wallis test (a). Pairwise comparison was tested using the Mann-Whitney test. P $<$ 0.05 was considered statistically significant