Table 1.

Description and descriptive statistics of explanatory variables used in the analysis.

Variables	Variable description	Mean			Mean difference	t-value	Overall SD
		Overall sample	Adopters	Non-adopters
Socio-economic characteristics
HHSEX	1 if the household head is male, 0 otherwise	0.88	0.89	0.87	-0.02	-0.566	-
HHSIZE	Household size (in number)	7.02	7.40	6.64	-0.76	-3.319∗∗∗	2.34
HHAGE	Age of household head (in years)	42.18	41.49	42.86	1.37	1.030	13.42
EDUCHEAD	Household head's years of education	3.43	3.21	3.65	0.43	1.303	3.33
EDUCSPOUSE	Spouse's years of education	1.65	1.34	1.95	0.61	2.502∗∗	2.48
FARMEXP	Farming experience (in years)	22.73	22.64	22.82	0.18	0.153	11.88
LANDSIZE	Total landholding size (in hectare)	1.40	1.67	1.13	-0.53	-4.817∗∗∗	1.14
LIVSTOCK	Total livestock (in tropical livestock unit)	4.22	5.15	3.29	-1.86	-5.339∗∗∗	3.62
TAV	Total value of assets (in ‘000’ Birr)	75.01	96.86	53.37	-43.49	-6.246∗∗∗	73.19
NONFARM	1 if the household participates in non-farm activity, 0 otherwise	0.26	0.25	0.27	0.02	0.396	-
Institutional factors
CREDIT	1 if the household access credit, 0 otherwise	0.11	0.09	0.13	0.04	1.217	-
SAVING	1 if the household practice saving, 0 otherwise	0.54	0.60	0.47	-0.13	-2.617∗∗	-
EXTFREQ	Frequency of extension contact (in days per year)	11.49	16.02	7.00	-9.02	-5.943∗∗∗	15.89
Parcel characteristics
FERTINDEX	Parcel average fertility indexa	0.59	0.57	0.61	0.04	1.217	0.30
SLOPEINDEX	Parcel average terrain indexb	0.73	0.71	0.75	0.05	1.960	0.24
EROSIOINDEX	Parcel average erosion indexc	0.70	0.69	0.71	0.01	0.544	0.27
Climate characteristics
BELG	1 if the household cultivates in Belgd season, 0 otherwise	0.62	0.62	0.62	0.00	-0.025	-
CCNOTICE	1 if the household noticed climate change during the last 10–15 years, 0 otherwise	0.61	0.73	0.49	-0.24	-5.064∗∗∗	-
SHOCK	1 if the household faces shocks during the last five years, 0 otherwise	0.23	0.21	0.25	0.04	0.886	-
AEZ dummies
HIGHLANDe	1 if the household lives in highland AEZ, 0 otherwise	33.17	0.33	0.33	0.01	0.141	-
MIDLANDe	1 if the household lives in midland AEZ, 0 otherwise	33.66	0.33	0.34	0.01	0.139	-

SD is standard deviation.

^aFarmer ranked each parcel as “poor” (value = 1), “medium” (value = 2) and “fertile” (value = 3).

^bFarmer ranked each parcel as “sloppy” (value = 1), “medium” (value = 2) and “flat” (value = 3).

^cFarmer ranked each parcel as “severe” (value = 1), “moderate” (value = 2) and low (value = 3).

^dBelg is agricultural cultivation season which is equivalent to autumn in southern hemisphere.

^eLOWLAND is the reference category.