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. 2022 May 25;8(3):209–217.

Table 3. Post-operativeTable outcomes and histopathological data.

Post-operative outcomes
Post-operative length of stay, days (range)
 Median length of stay in hospital 11 (7-45)
 Median length of stay in HDU 4 (1-30)
 Median length of stay in ICU 0 (0-20)
Post-operative complications, liver-specific, n (%)
 Post hepatectomy liver failure 1 (5.6)
 Bile leak 1 (5.6)
 Liver abscess 0
 Bleeding 0
Post-operative complications, general, n (%)
 Pneumonia 4 (22.2)
 Myocardial infarction 3 (16.7)
 Ileus 3 (16.7)
 Intra-abdominal abscess 2 (11.1)
 Urinary tract infection 1 (5.6)
 Stroke 0
 Acute kidney injury 2 (11.1)
 Deep vein thrombosis 0
 Pulmonary embolism 0
 Superficial surgical site infection 0
 Others^ 7 (38.8)
Clavien Dindo classification, n (%)
 Grade I 1 (5.6)
 Grade II 6 (33.3)
 Grade IIIa 2 (11.1)
 Grade IIIb 0
 Grade IVa 0
 Grade IVb 1 (5.6)
 Grade V 1 (5.6)
Readmission within 30 days 1 (5.6)
30-day mortality, n (%) 0
90-day mortality, n (%) 1 (5.6)
Histopathological data
Vascular invasion, n (%)
 Yes
  Microvascular invasion 12 (66.7)
  Macrovascular invasion 3 (16.7)
 No 3 (16.7)
Perineural invasion, n (%)
 No 18 (100)
Presence of tumor capsule, n (%)
 Yes 13 (72.2)
 No 5 (27.8)
Presence of tumor rupture, n (%)
 Yes 2 (11.1)
 No 16 (88.9)
Presence of multiple tumors, n (%)
 Yes
  ≤3 tumors 1 (5.6)
  >3 tumors 4 (22.2)
 No 13 (72.2)
Presence of liver cirrhosis, n (%)
 Yes 1 (5.6)
 No 17 (94.4)
Tumor differentiation
 Grade I (Well-differentiated) 0
 Grade II (Moderately-differentiated) 8 (44.4)
 Grade III (Poorly-differentiated) 9 (50.0)
 Grade IV (Undifferentiated, Anaplastic) 1 (5.6)

^ Other complications include anemia requiring blood transfusion with no active bleeding source bacteremia with no apparent source, scrotal swelling from hypoalbuminemia, polyarticular gout flare, ex-drain site bleeding, vocal cord palsy with right arytenoid granuloma, and post-operative delirium. HDU, high dependency unit; ICU, intensive care unit.