Table 1. JBI bias assessment.

S. No	JBI checklist for cohort studies	Russell et al., 2018 [19]	Hall et al., 2004 [20]	Daley et al., 2013 [21]
1	Were the two groups similar and recruited from the same population?	Yes	Yes	Yes
2	Were the exposures measured similarly to assign people to both exposed and unexposed groups?	Yes	Yes	Yes
3	Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way?	Yes	Yes	Yes
4	Were confounding factors identified?	No	Yes	No
5	Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated?	No	Yes	No
6	Were the groups/participants free of the outcome at the start of the study (or at the moment of exposure)?	Yes	Yes	Yes
7	Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way?	Yes	Yes	Yes
8	Was the follow-up time reported and sufficient to be long enough for outcomes to occur?	Yes	Yes	Yes
9	Was follow-up complete, and if not, were the reasons to loss to follow-up described and explored?	Unclear	Yes	Yes
10	Were strategies to address incomplete follow-up utilized?	No	NA	NA
11	Was appropriate statistical analysis used?	Yes	Yes	Yes
	Overall appraisal	Include	Include	Include