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. 2022 Jan 25;27(2):126–133. doi: 10.6065/apem.2142174.087

Table 2.

Summary of the linear mixed-model analysis for repeated-measurement with DKA as the independent variable and insulin dose and HbA1c during follow-up as the outcome variables

Variable Linear mixed-model, insulin dosage (unit/kg/day)
Linear mixed-model, HbA1c (%)
Estimate 95% CI P-value Estimate 95% CI P-value
Unadjusted model DKA at onset 0.20 0.09 to 0.27 0.000 0.31 -0.52 to 1.13 0.463
 Time 0.02 0.01 to 0.04 0.009 -0.65 -0.83 to -0.48 0.000
 DKA×Time -0.01 -0.04 to 0.02 0.364 -0.19 -0.48 to 0.10 0.205
 Time2 0.01 0.00 to 0.01 0.000 -0.07 -0.10 to -0.27 0.001
 DKA×Time2 0.00 -0.01 to 0.00 0.531 -0.04 -0.11 to 0.02 0.173
 Time3 0.00 0.01 to 0.00 0.001 -0.01 -0.02 to 0.00 0.052
 DKA×Time3 0.00 -0.00 to 0.00 0.602 -0.01 -0.00 to 0.00 0.169
Adjusted model
 DKA at onset 0.22 0.13 to 0.31 0.000 0.67 -0.19 to 1.54 0.127
 Age at diagnosis 0.01 -0.00 to 0.02 0.230 0.05 -0.03 to 0.14 0.226
 Sex 0.05 -0.02 to 0.12 0.143 0.66 0.024 to 1.30 0.042
 BMI z-score -0.02 -0.05 to 0.00 0.114 0.07 -0.154 to 0.30 0.531
 Insulin pump use 0.06 -0.04 to 0.17 0.244 -0.50 -1.45 to 0.45 0.297
 Time 0.03 -0.01 to 0.04 0.002 -0.64 -0.82 to -0.46 0.000
 DKA×Time -0.02 -0.04 to 0.01 0.296 -0.19 -0.53 to 0.09 0.156
 Time2 0.01 0.00 to 0.01 0.000 -0.06 -0.10 to -0.02 0.003
 DKA×Time2 0.00 -0.01 to 0.00 0.616 -0.05 -0.12 to 0.20 0.161
 Time3 0.00 0.00 to 0.00 0.000 -0.01 -0.02 to 0.00 0.084
 DKA×Time3 0.00 0.00 to 0.00 0.695 -0.01 -0.02 to 0.00 0.148

DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.