Table 2.
Summary of the linear mixed-model analysis for repeated-measurement with DKA as the independent variable and insulin dose and HbA1c during follow-up as the outcome variables
| Variable | Linear mixed-model, insulin dosage (unit/kg/day) |
Linear mixed-model, HbA1c (%) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | 95% CI | P-value | Estimate | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Unadjusted model DKA at onset | 0.20 | 0.09 to 0.27 | 0.000 | 0.31 | -0.52 to 1.13 | 0.463 |
| Time | 0.02 | 0.01 to 0.04 | 0.009 | -0.65 | -0.83 to -0.48 | 0.000 |
| DKA×Time | -0.01 | -0.04 to 0.02 | 0.364 | -0.19 | -0.48 to 0.10 | 0.205 |
| Time2 | 0.01 | 0.00 to 0.01 | 0.000 | -0.07 | -0.10 to -0.27 | 0.001 |
| DKA×Time2 | 0.00 | -0.01 to 0.00 | 0.531 | -0.04 | -0.11 to 0.02 | 0.173 |
| Time3 | 0.00 | 0.01 to 0.00 | 0.001 | -0.01 | -0.02 to 0.00 | 0.052 |
| DKA×Time3 | 0.00 | -0.00 to 0.00 | 0.602 | -0.01 | -0.00 to 0.00 | 0.169 |
| Adjusted model | ||||||
| DKA at onset | 0.22 | 0.13 to 0.31 | 0.000 | 0.67 | -0.19 to 1.54 | 0.127 |
| Age at diagnosis | 0.01 | -0.00 to 0.02 | 0.230 | 0.05 | -0.03 to 0.14 | 0.226 |
| Sex | 0.05 | -0.02 to 0.12 | 0.143 | 0.66 | 0.024 to 1.30 | 0.042 |
| BMI z-score | -0.02 | -0.05 to 0.00 | 0.114 | 0.07 | -0.154 to 0.30 | 0.531 |
| Insulin pump use | 0.06 | -0.04 to 0.17 | 0.244 | -0.50 | -1.45 to 0.45 | 0.297 |
| Time | 0.03 | -0.01 to 0.04 | 0.002 | -0.64 | -0.82 to -0.46 | 0.000 |
| DKA×Time | -0.02 | -0.04 to 0.01 | 0.296 | -0.19 | -0.53 to 0.09 | 0.156 |
| Time2 | 0.01 | 0.00 to 0.01 | 0.000 | -0.06 | -0.10 to -0.02 | 0.003 |
| DKA×Time2 | 0.00 | -0.01 to 0.00 | 0.616 | -0.05 | -0.12 to 0.20 | 0.161 |
| Time3 | 0.00 | 0.00 to 0.00 | 0.000 | -0.01 | -0.02 to 0.00 | 0.084 |
| DKA×Time3 | 0.00 | 0.00 to 0.00 | 0.695 | -0.01 | -0.02 to 0.00 | 0.148 |
DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.