Table 2.
Prevalence of overweight/obesity, MHO, and MUO with its components in Korean youth by sex and year
| Variable | Total | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | P for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overweight/obesity | ||||||||||||
| All | 20.4 | 18.8 | 18.4 | 17.8 | 20.4 | 24.6 | 21.5 | 20.6 | 19.3 | 23.7 | 0.045 | |
| (19.2–21.7) | (16.0-22.0) | (15.0-22.3) | (15.1-20.9) | (16.9-24.5) | (20.8-28.8) | (17.9-25.6) | (16.9-24.5) | (16.0-23.2) | (19.2-29.0) | |||
| Male | 21 | 17.3 | 18.4 | 21 | 20.1 | 25.3 | 23.4 | 19 | 22.3 | 24 | 0.056 | |
| (19.3-22.8) | (13.5-21.8) | (13.6-24.5) | (16.7-26.1) | (15.0-26.2) | (20.1-31.2) | (18.6-29.0) | (14.6-24.3) | (17.3-28.3) | (18.1-31.1) | |||
| Female | 19.8 | 20.6 | 18.3 | 14.3 | 20.8 | 23.8 | 19.2 | 22.4 | 16.1 | 23.5 | 0.353 | |
| (18.1-21.6) | (16.0-26.1) | (13.5-24.3) | (10.9-18.6) | (15.6-27.1) | (18.9-27.1) | (14.7-24.7) | (17.2-28.6) | (12.0-21.2) | (18.1-29.8) | |||
| MHO | ||||||||||||
| All | 39.2 | 34.8 | 40.0 | 29.2 | 39.7 | 47.5 | 41.9 | 42.1 | 42.1 | 35.7 | 0.346 | |
| (26.0-42.5) | (26.7-44.0) | (30.5-50.6) | (21.5-38.3) | (29.0-51.5) | (38.8-56.5) | (32.4-52.0) | (32.1-52.7) | (32.5-52.5) | (26.6-45.9) | |||
| Male | 33.5 | 26.8 | 37.7 | 24.6 | 31.8 | 46.1 | 38.9 | 26.6 | 37.8 | 29.4 | 0.589 | |
| (29.5-37.7) | (17.4-39.0) | (24.6-52.9) | (15.3-37.0) | (19.2-47.7) | (35.3-57.2) | (28.1-50.9) | (16.8-39.5) | (25.5-51.9) | (20.0-41.0) | |||
| Female | 46.2 | 42.4 | 43.0 | 36.8 | 49.6 | 49.3 | 49.9 | 56.7 | 51.1 | 57.5 | 0.356 | |
| (41.4-51.1) | (31.0-54.8) | (28.5-58.8) | (25.3-49.9) | (33.2-66.1) | (35.6-63.1) | (31.6-61.7) | (43.2-69.3) | (35.9-66.1) | (43.4-70.4) | |||
| MUO | ||||||||||||
| All | 60.8 | 65.2 | 59.9 | 70.8 | 60.3 | 52.5 | 58.1 | 57.9 | 57.8 | 64.3 | 0.346 | |
| (57.5-64.0) | (56.1-73.3) | (49.4-69.6) | (61.7-78.5) | (48.5-71.0) | (43.6-61.2) | (48.0-67.6) | (47.3-67.9) | (47.5-67.5) | (54.1-73.4) | |||
| Male | 66.5 | 73.2 | 62.3 | 75.4 | 68.2 | 53.9 | 61.1 | 73.4 | 62.2 | 70.6 | 0.589 | |
| (62.3-70.5) | (61.0-82.6) | (47.1-75.4) | (63.0-84.7) | (52.3-80.8) | (42.8-64.7) | (49.1-72.0) | (60.5-83.2) | (48.1-74.5) | (59.0-80.0) | |||
| Female | 53.8 | 57.6 | 57.0 | 63.2 | 50.4 | 53.7 | 50.1 | 43.3 | 48.9 | 42.5 | 0.356 | |
| (48.9-58.6) | (45.1-69.1) | (41.2-71.5) | (50.1-74.7) | (36.9-64.4) | (36.9-64.4) | (36.9-64.4) | (30.7-56.8) | (33.9-64.2) | (29.6-56.6) | |||
| HDL-C ≤40 mg/dL | ||||||||||||
| All | 35.0 | 33.4 | 40.4 | 34.5 | 26.5 | 36.4 | 28.3 | 41.0 | 39.3 | 36.1 | 0.694 | |
| (31.0-39.2) | (23.4-45.2) | (27.7-54.6) | (24.8-45.7) | (15.9-40.7) | (25.2-40.7) | (18.3-41.0) | (30.2-52.7) | (27.4-52.6) | (24.1-50.2) | |||
| Male | 38.9 | 38.1 | 48.7 | 35.0 | 30.4 | 39.7 | 26.3 | 51.3 | 38.0 | 44.2 | 0.705 | |
| (33.7-44.3) | (23.6-55.2) | (31.0-66.8) | (23.1-49.1) | (16.5-49.2) | (25.7-55.7) | (15.2-41.6) | (36.4-66.0) | (24.7-53.4) | (29.8-59.6) | |||
| Female | 29.2 | 27.7 | 29.7 | 33.6 | 19.9 | 32.1 | 31.6 | 24.4 | 41.7 | 25.4 | 0.924 | |
| (23.3-35.8) | (13.5-48.4) | (14.5-51.1) | (19.2-51.7) | (7.6-42.9) | (16.1-53.7) | (13.8-57.1) | (11.3-45.2) | (24.1-61.6) | (13.3-43.1) | |||
| TG >150 mg/dL | ||||||||||||
| All | 29.7 | 36.2 | 28.5 | 23.5 | 24.7 | 28.2 | 22.6 | 32.7 | 37.7 | 32.9 | 0.690 | |
| (25.9-33.8) | (24.9-49.3) | (17.1-43.6) | (15.9-33.4) | (15.0-37.8) | (17.9-41.3) | (13.7-34.9) | (22.6-44.7) | (25.0-52.2) | (21.8-46.2) | |||
| Male | 27.6 | 29 | 28.8 | 22.9 | 32.2 | 27.3 | 15.1 | 32.1 | 27.1 | 33 | 0.814 | |
| (22.7-32.6) | (16.1-46.6) | (13.7-50.8) | (13.8-35.5) | (17.8-51.0) | (15.3-43.7) | (7.0-29.7) | (19.7-47.8) | (14.1-44.5) | (20.5-49.3) | |||
| Female | 33.1 | 44.9 | 28.2 | 24.6 | 11.9 | 29.3 | 35.1 | 33.6 | 57.7 | 32.7 | 0.678 | |
| (27.2-39.7) | (27.8-63.2) | (13.0-50.9) | (12.7-42.4) | (3.6-32.7) | (14.8-49.8) | (18.2-56.8) | (18.0-53.8) | (35.8-76.9) | (19.0-50.1) | |||
| BP >90th percentile | ||||||||||||
| All | 41.5 | 28.1 | 45.8 | 41.5 | 37.9 | 40.2 | 61.8 | 38.2 | 48.3 | 36.5 | 0.227 | |
| (37.2-45.9) | (18.8-39.8) | (32.9-59.2) | (30.5-53.3) | (25.2-52.6) | (27.2-54.7) | (49.3-72.9) | (27.2-50.5) | (34.3-62.6) | (24.8-50.0) | |||
| Male | 41.1 | 29.4 | 41.2 | 38.8 | 35.5 | 45.7 | 66.9 | 31.9 | 45.5 | 37.3 | 0.322 | |
| (35.7-46.8) | (16.0-47.6) | (25.1-59.4) | (25.5-54.0) | (20.2-54.4) | (29.8-62.5) | (51.3-79.4) | (20.6-45.8) | (29.4-62.6) | (23.0-54.3) | |||
| Female | 42.0 | 26.6 | 51.7 | 46.5 | 42.1 | 33.1 | 53.4 | 48.3 | 53.7 | 35.5 | 0.494 | |
| (35.3-49.0) | (14.9-42.9) | (30.2-72.6) | (29.4-64.6) | (21.7-65.7) | (16.3-55.7) | (32.5-73.2) | (30.1-66.9) | (32.6-73.6) | (19.6-55.3) | |||
| FBS ≥100 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥5.7% | ||||||||||||
| All | 48.8 | 55.5 | 34.5 | 59.3 | 64.0 | 51.6 | 51.6 | 37.1 | 38.5 | 52.6 | 0.263 | |
| (44.6-52.9) | (43.5-66.9) | (23.9-47.0) | (47.3-70.3) | (48.8-76.8) | (28.1-52.8) | (39.3-63.8) | (27.4-48.1) | (26.3-52.3 | (43.5-61.5) | |||
| Male | 45.8 | 51.1 | 29.9 | 55.4 | 65.7 | 30.5 | 48.4 | 44.1 | 33.9 | 46.5 | 0.427 | |
| (40.5-51.2) | (34.6-67.3) | (19.4-43.1) | (40.6-69.2) | (47.1-80.5) | (17.9-47.1) | (33.5-63.7) | (30.2-58.9) | (20.4-50.7) | (33.1-60.4) | |||
| Female | 53.2 | 60.7 | 40.5 | 66.9 | 61.1 | 51.8 | 57.0 | 26.0 | 47.1 | 60.7 | 0.492 | |
| (46.6-59.7) | (42.7-76.5) | (22.9-61.1) | (46.9-82.3) | (37.4-80.6) | (33.8-69.3) | (38.8-73.5) | (13.0-45.3) | (28.5-66.6) | (43.0-76.0) | |||
Values are presented as weighted percent (95% confidence interval).
MHO, metabolically healthy overweight/obesity; MUO, metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; BP, blood pressure; FBS, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.