. 2022 Jun 23;9:925208. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.925208

TABLE 3.

Results of PAHs in mutton treated with stir-frying.

No.	PAHs	Raw	SFRW 6 min	SFRW 7 min	SFRW 8 min	MSF 120 s	MSF 160 s	MSF 200 s	MSF 240 s	MSF 280 s	MSF 320 s	MSF 360 s
1	Naphthalene (–)	1.11 ± 0.07^f	1.28 ± 0.14^e	1.41 ± 0.06^e	1.71 ± 0.05^e	2.81 ± 0.17^d	3.1 ± 0.27^e	3.24 ± 0.19^d	3.27 ± 0.26^d	5.56 ± 0.19^c	8.79 ± 2.22^b	13.63 ± 0.52^a
2	Phenanthrene (–)	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.31 ± 0.04^c	0.48 ± 0.07^b	0.45 ± 0.02^b	0.69 ± 0.08^a
3	Pyrene (–)	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.38 ± 0.11^ef	0.56 ± 0.06^ef	0.94 ± 0.1^de	1.32 ± 0.13^cd	1.66 ± 0.09^c	2.65 ± 0.07^b	3.73 ± 0.95^a
4	Benz[a]anthracene (+)	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.19 ± 0.04^b	0.18 ± 0.01^b	0.18 ± 0.01^b	0.21 ± 0.04^b	0.31 ± 0.08^a	0.18 ± 0.01^b
5	Chrysene (+)	0.32 ± 0.03^h	0.31 ± 0.12^h	0.41 ± 0.03^g	0.58 ± 0.15^f	0.45 ± 0.09^g	0.56 ± 0.08^f	1.09 ± 0.03^e	1.26 ± 0.15^de	1.36 ± 0.06^c	3.27 ± 0.11^b	4.46 ± 0.19^a
6	Benzo[k]fluoranthene (+ +)	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.3 ± 0.03^d	0.36 ± 0.07^cd	0.41 ± 0.05^cd	0.44 ± 0.05^bc	0.52 ± 0.05^b	0.86 ± 0.19^a	0.95 ± 0.03^a
7	Benzo[a]pyrene (+ + +)	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.32 ± 0.01^e	0.36 ± 0.01^d	0.39 ± 0.07^c	0.4 ± 0.03^c	0.41 ± 0.03^c	0.57 ± 0.05^b	0.82 ± 0.18^a
8	Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (+ +)	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.38 ± 0.01^ef	0.43 ± 0.06^e	0.49 ± 0.05^e	0.58 ± 0.12^d	0.85 ± 0.11^c	2.63 ± 0.14^b	3.15 ± 0.13^a

“–” means not carcinogenic, “+” means weakly carcinogenic, “+ +” means carcinogenic, “+ + +” means strongly carcinogenic. ND = not detected, below limit of detection. The values denote mean ± standard deviation, n = 6. Different letters within the same line indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). SFRW, stir-frying to remove water; MSF, mixed stir-frying.