Table 2.

Intraoperative data

Characteristic	Control (n=30)	GDT (n=27)	p-value
Type of surgery			0.896
Laminectomy	1 (3.3)	1 (3.7)
1–3 level instrumentation	15 (50.0)	11 (40.7)
≥4 level instrumentation	11 (36.7)	11 (40.7)
Laminectomy with tumor removal	3 (10.0)	4 (14.8)
Duration of surgery (min)	236.67±96.54	220.37±73.22	0.480
Blood loss (mL)	575 (250–900)	500 (325–800)	0.892
Intraoperative fluid
Crystalloid (mL)	1,900 (1,200–2,800)	2,000 (1,425–2,700)	0.904
Colloid (mL)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–500)	0.107
Packed red cells (unit)	0 (0–1)	0 (0–0)	0.452
Hypotension
Incidence	24 (80.0)	18 (66.6)	0.250
Episodes	2 (1–3)	1 (0–3)	0.568
After induction	16 (53.3)	9 (33.3)	0.129
After prone	7 (23.3)	4 (14.8)	0.416
Medical treatment	14 (46.7)	15 (55.6)	0.503
Ephedrine (mg)	0 (0–12)	6 (0–9)	0.642
Urine output (mL/kg/hr)	1.25±0.76	1.38±0.99	0.574
Intraoperative oliguric episode	0 (0–1)	0 (0–1)	0.424

Values are presented as number (%), mean±standard deviation, or median (interquartile range).

GDT, goal-directed therapy.