Table 4.

Interaction of hydration status and physical activity level on renal damage using generalized linear mixed–effects models among 6–9–year–old children in Beijing (N = 1914).

Dependent variables	Independent variables	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
		cOR (95%CI)	P	aOR (95%CI)	P	aOR (95%CI)	P
Tubular	Dehydration + Insufficient PA	ref.
damage	Dehydration + Sufficient PA	0.81 (0.65, 1.01)	0.066	0.82 (0.66, 1.02)	0.074	0.81 (0.65, 1.02)	0.069
	Euhydration + Insufficient PA	0.47 (0.41, 0.55)	<0.001	0.46 (0.39, 0.53)	<0.001	0.46 (0.39, 0.53)	<0.001
	Euhydration + Sufficient PA	0.60 (0.46, 0.79)	<0.001	0.58 (0.44, 0.76)	<0.001	0.57 (0.44, 0.75)	<0.001
Glomerular	Dehydration + Insufficient PA	ref.
damage	Dehydration + Sufficient PA	0.93 (0.65, 1.33)	0.67	0.94 (0.65, 1.37)	0.76	0.95 (0.66, 1.38)	0.80
	Euhydration + Insufficient PA	0.31 (0.22, 0.42)	<0.001	0.28 (0.20, 0.38)	<0.001	0.28 (0.20, 0.39)	<0.001
	Euhydration + Sufficient PA	0.52 (0.33, 0.80)	0.004	0.47 (0.30, 0.73)	0.001	0.47 (0.30, 0.74)	0.001

PA, physical activity; cOR, crude odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ref., reference group; Model 1, unadjusted; model 2, adjusting for age, sex, and BMI z–score; model 3, adjusting for age, sex, BMI z–score, standardized SBP, sleep duration, screen time, and fruit and vegetable intake. All models included two random effects: the week–day and intra–wave of the urinalysis.