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. 2022 Jun 23;13:849085. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.849085

Table 2.

Association of demographic details with depression and anxiety.

Depression (PHQ-9) Anxiety (GAD-7)
Variable Asymptomatic Symptomatic P- OR p- value Asymptomatic Symptomatic P- OR p- value
(≥0 and ≤ 4) (≥5 and ≤27) value (95% CI) (≥0 and ≤4) (≥5 and ≤21) value (95% CI)
Participant gender
Female 68 (18%) 298 (82%) 0.118 0.14 (-0.36 to 0.63) 0.68 100 (27%) 266 (73%) 0.329 0.11 (-0.48 to 0.47) 0.99
Male 63 (13%) 411 (87%) Ref Ref 140 (29%) 334 (71%) Ref Ref
Age (years)
18 to 20 years 27 (13%) 181 (87%) Ref Ref 65 (31%) 143 (69%) Ref Ref
21 to 30 years 64 (17%) 305 (83%) −0.17 (-0.55 to 0.36) 0.031 112 (30%) 257 (70%) −2.25 (-3.88 to 6.05) 0.021
31 to 40 years 24 (22%) 87 (78%) 0.046 1.35 (-2.77 to 2.03) 0.045 26 (23%) 85 (77%) 0.029 3.71 (2.81-6.89) 0.035
41 to 50 years 9 (11%) 75 (89%) 0.53 (-1.43 to 3.38) 0.043 21 (25%) 63 (75%) 0.42 (-1.18 to 1.46) 0.46
50 years above 7 (7%) 61 (93%) 0.44 (-3.95 to 0.79) 0.033 16 (24%) 52 (76%) 1.48 (1.37-2.23) 0.027
Participant city
Islamabad 40 (34%) 76 (66%) Ref Ref 37 (30%) 79 (70%) Ref Ref
Rawalpindi 32 (23%) 108 (77%) 0.049 0.05 (-4.17 to 0.34) 0.02 38 (27%) 102 (71%) 0.23 (-0.41 to 0.27) 0.04
Lahore 13 (9%) 182 (91%) 0.35 (-2.1 to 1.99) 0.011 55 (28%) 140 (72%) 0.047 1.89 (-1.91 to 3.56) 0.032
Peshawar 14 (17%) 71 (83%) 4.49 (-3.57 to 5.66) 0.037 26 (30%) 65 (70%) 2.92 (2.29-3.89) 0.081
Karachi 32 (11%) 272 (89%) 3.13 (1.22-4.97) 0.001 84 (28%) 220 (72%) 1.79 (1.68-6.75) 0.001
Operating industry
Health/Medicine Industry 40 (15%) 220 (85%) Ref Ref 72 (28%) 188 (72%) Ref Ref
Food industry 43 (14%) 260 (86%) 2.23 (1.79−2.67) 0.001 86 (23%) 217 (77%) 2.17 (3.37−2.23) 0.011
Manufacturing Industry 21 (29%) 52 (71%) 0.80 (0.65−1.48) 0.028 19 (26%) 54 (74%) 2.22 (-1.62 to 3.11) 0.019
0.046 0.031
IT industry 12 (14%) 76 (86%) 3.35 (-4.73 to 4.02) 0.041 30 (34%) 58 (66%) 4.99 (-3.77 to 5.46) 0.022
Textile industry 4 (9%) 40 (91%) 1.53 (-1.63 to 2.48) 0.01 19 (43%) 25 (57%) 4.13 (-1.82 to 4.97) 0.039
Waste industry 6 (14%) 37 (86%) 0.44 (-4.95 to 0.89) 0.023 11 (26%) 32 (74%) 1.93 (-1.63 to 3.58) 0.034
Others 5 (10%) 24 (90%) 0.15 (-2.82 to 1.11) 0.052 3 (10%) 25 (90%) 0.44 (-5.95 to 1.89) 0.28

N = 840.