Table 2.
Association of demographic details with depression and anxiety.
| Depression (PHQ-9) | Anxiety (GAD-7) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Asymptomatic | Symptomatic | P- | OR | p- value | Asymptomatic | Symptomatic | P- | OR | p- value |
| (≥0 and ≤ 4) | (≥5 and ≤27) | value | (95% CI) | (≥0 and ≤4) | (≥5 and ≤21) | value | (95% CI) | |||
| Participant gender | ||||||||||
| Female | 68 (18%) | 298 (82%) | 0.118 | 0.14 (-0.36 to 0.63) | 0.68 | 100 (27%) | 266 (73%) | 0.329 | 0.11 (-0.48 to 0.47) | 0.99 |
| Male | 63 (13%) | 411 (87%) | Ref | Ref | 140 (29%) | 334 (71%) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| 18 to 20 years | 27 (13%) | 181 (87%) | Ref | Ref | 65 (31%) | 143 (69%) | Ref | Ref | ||
| 21 to 30 years | 64 (17%) | 305 (83%) | −0.17 (-0.55 to 0.36) | 0.031 | 112 (30%) | 257 (70%) | −2.25 (-3.88 to 6.05) | 0.021 | ||
| 31 to 40 years | 24 (22%) | 87 (78%) | 0.046 | 1.35 (-2.77 to 2.03) | 0.045 | 26 (23%) | 85 (77%) | 0.029 | 3.71 (2.81-6.89) | 0.035 |
| 41 to 50 years | 9 (11%) | 75 (89%) | 0.53 (-1.43 to 3.38) | 0.043 | 21 (25%) | 63 (75%) | 0.42 (-1.18 to 1.46) | 0.46 | ||
| 50 years above | 7 (7%) | 61 (93%) | 0.44 (-3.95 to 0.79) | 0.033 | 16 (24%) | 52 (76%) | 1.48 (1.37-2.23) | 0.027 | ||
| Participant city | ||||||||||
| Islamabad | 40 (34%) | 76 (66%) | Ref | Ref | 37 (30%) | 79 (70%) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Rawalpindi | 32 (23%) | 108 (77%) | 0.049 | 0.05 (-4.17 to 0.34) | 0.02 | 38 (27%) | 102 (71%) | 0.23 (-0.41 to 0.27) | 0.04 | |
| Lahore | 13 (9%) | 182 (91%) | 0.35 (-2.1 to 1.99) | 0.011 | 55 (28%) | 140 (72%) | 0.047 | 1.89 (-1.91 to 3.56) | 0.032 | |
| Peshawar | 14 (17%) | 71 (83%) | 4.49 (-3.57 to 5.66) | 0.037 | 26 (30%) | 65 (70%) | 2.92 (2.29-3.89) | 0.081 | ||
| Karachi | 32 (11%) | 272 (89%) | 3.13 (1.22-4.97) | 0.001 | 84 (28%) | 220 (72%) | 1.79 (1.68-6.75) | 0.001 | ||
| Operating industry | ||||||||||
| Health/Medicine Industry | 40 (15%) | 220 (85%) | Ref | Ref | 72 (28%) | 188 (72%) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Food industry | 43 (14%) | 260 (86%) | 2.23 (1.79−2.67) | 0.001 | 86 (23%) | 217 (77%) | 2.17 (3.37−2.23) | 0.011 | ||
| Manufacturing Industry | 21 (29%) | 52 (71%) | 0.80 (0.65−1.48) | 0.028 | 19 (26%) | 54 (74%) | 2.22 (-1.62 to 3.11) | 0.019 | ||
| 0.046 | 0.031 | |||||||||
| IT industry | 12 (14%) | 76 (86%) | 3.35 (-4.73 to 4.02) | 0.041 | 30 (34%) | 58 (66%) | 4.99 (-3.77 to 5.46) | 0.022 | ||
| Textile industry | 4 (9%) | 40 (91%) | 1.53 (-1.63 to 2.48) | 0.01 | 19 (43%) | 25 (57%) | 4.13 (-1.82 to 4.97) | 0.039 | ||
| Waste industry | 6 (14%) | 37 (86%) | 0.44 (-4.95 to 0.89) | 0.023 | 11 (26%) | 32 (74%) | 1.93 (-1.63 to 3.58) | 0.034 | ||
| Others | 5 (10%) | 24 (90%) | 0.15 (-2.82 to 1.11) | 0.052 | 3 (10%) | 25 (90%) | 0.44 (-5.95 to 1.89) | 0.28 | ||
N = 840.