Table 1. Definitions of Dementia Risk Factors and Sources of Prevalence Estimates.
| Risk factor | Definition | Source (year) |
|---|---|---|
| Less education | Self-reported <12 y of schooling | ACS (2014-2018) |
| Obesity | Measured BMI ≥30 | NHANES (2015-2018) |
| Hypertension | Self-report of taking antihypertensive medications or measured SBP ≥140 mm Hg or measured DBP ≥90 mm Hg | NHANES (2015-2018) |
| Diabetes | Self-report of diagnosis or measured fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL or measured HbA1C ≥6.5% | NHANES (2015-2018) |
| Hearing loss | Pure-tone mean >25 dB hearing threshold in better ear measured at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz | NHANES (2015-2016) |
| Smoking | Self-report of current smoking | NHIS (2014-2018) |
| Physical inactivity | Self-report of not doing either 75 min/wk of vigorous activity or 150 min/wk of moderate activity or 150 min/wk of moderate/vigorous activity | NHIS (2014-2018) |
| Excessive alcohol consumption | Self-report of drinking more than 14 alcoholic drinks (eg, 12 oz of beer, 5 oz of wine, 1.5 oz of spirits) per wk | NHIS (2014-2018) |
| Social isolation | Self-report of contact with family, friends, religious organizations, organized groups, or volunteering less than once per mo | NSHAP (2015-2016) |
| Traumatic brain injury | Self-report of lifetime head injury resulting in loss of consciousness | NHANES (2011-2014) |
| Depression | PHQ-9 score ≥10 | NHANES (2015-2018) |
| Air pollution | NO2 concentration ≥8.7 ppb at census tract level | CACES (2015) |
Abbreviations: ACS, American Community Survey17; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CACES, Center for Air, Climate, and Energy Solutions21; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey18; NHIS, National Health Interview Survey19; NSHAP, National Social Life Health and Aging Project20; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9.