FIG. 13.

Contours of FTLE fields obtained with backward time integration from side (a) and top (b) views. Top view shows a horizontal plane 50 m above mean ground elevation. (b) is taken from the vertical plane shown by line P₁ in Fig. 5. Ridges of maximum FTLE mark the attracting manifolds of 2D particle trajectories. Gray regions show buildings and the ground. The flow is from South (left) to North (right).