Normalised number concentrations and epitope dosage of GNPs and GNRs.

	Normalised number concentration,a particles per mL			Epitope concentration, μM
	15 nm GNPs	40 nm GNPs	GNRs	15 nm GNPs	40 nm GNPs	GNRs
Base	4.03 × 1012	1.49 × 1011	3.54 × 1011	n/a	n/a	n/a
1	3.83 × 1012	1.25 × 1011	4.06 × 1011	2.6	0.4	0.6
2	3.46 × 1012	1.46 × 1011	3.93 × 1011	2.4	0.5	0.6

^aThe obtained mass concentrations were divided by the mass of one particle and normalised to OD_LSPR = 1.0. Samples were prepared in PBS (pH 7.2). For normalised mass concentrations and areas available for contact, see Fig. S2B,C. n/a – not applicable.