Table 1.

Overview of characteristics of 3 effective methods to manage neuropsychiatric symptoms, as described in Bakker et al [16], Zwijsen et al 2014 [17], and Pieper et al 2018 [18].

Characteristics	IRRa	Gripb	STA OP!c
Proactive method (start when admitted to nursing home)	✓
Reactive method (start when problems are signaled by nursing staff)		✓	✓
Cyclical process (detection, analysis, treatment, evaluation)	✓	✓	✓
Physical functioning	✓	✓	✓
Assessment and management of pain			✓
Cognitive functioning	✓	✓	✓
Psychosocial functioning	✓	✓	✓
Stepped-care model (stepping up interventions from the least to the most intensive and stepping down, linked to patients’ needs)			✓
Matched-care model (client and therapy are matched, based on intake information about specific problems and patient characteristics)	✓
Interdisciplinary collaboration	✓	✓	✓
Involvement of informal caregiver	✓	✓
Treatment of informal caregiver	✓
Standard involved disciplines	Nurse, elderly care physician, clinical psychologist, social worker	Nurse, psychologist, elderly care physician	Nurse, psychologist, social worker, elderly care physician, occupational therapist, physical therapist
Indicative involved disciplines	For each patient, at least two of the following therapists are involved: music therapist, psychomotor therapist, creative therapist, physical therapist, occupational therapist, speech therapist, dietician	Other disciplines are involved if needed. For example, occupational therapist	N/Ad

^aIRR: integrative reactivation and rehabilitation.

^bGrip: Grip on Challenging Behavior.

^cSTA OP!: Stepwise, Multidisciplinary Intervention for Pain and Challenging Behavior in Dementia

^dN/A: not applicable.