Table 2.

Performance measures and effect sizes of mean differences of Mklaren models used for prediction of high versus low disease activity.

Performance measures	Tabular clinical data kernel	Tabular IDP kernel	MRI kernel	Clinical + IDP kernels	Clinical + MRI kernels	IDP + MRI kernels	Clinical + IDP + MRI (all kernels)
Mean AUC ± SD (Effect-size [95% CI])	0.62 ± 0.06 (NA)	0.62 ± 0.05 (−0.005 [−0.028 to 0.016])	0.65 ± 0.06 (0.028 [0.004 to 0.050])	0.63 ± 0.06 (0.011 [−0.013 to 0.033])	0.70 ± 0.07 (0.081 [0.056 to 0.11])	0.66 ± 0.04 (0.039 [0.017 to 0.059])	0.70 ± 0.05 (0.073 [0.052 to 0.094])
Mean Balanced Accuracy ±SD (Effect-size [95% CI])	0.55 ± 0.06 (NA)	0.51 ± 0.04 (−0.036 [−0.054 to 0.018])	0.58 ± 0.07 (0.038 [0.013 to 0.06])	0.55 ± 0.07 (0.004 [−0.020 to 0.028])	0.63 ± 0.07 (0.084 [0.061 to 0.11])	0.58 ± 0.07 (0.032 [0.007 to 0.055])	0.61 ± 0.06 (0.065 [0.043 to 0.089])
Mean Sensitivity ±SD (Effect-size [95% CI])	0.45 ± 0.38 (NA)	0.62 ± 0.42 (0.173 [0.017 to 0.33])	0.61 ± 0.17 (0.163 [0.045 to 0.27])	0.57 ± 0.31 (0.132 [−0.008 to 0.258])	0.52 ± 0.17 (0.076 [−0.039 to 0.186])	0.60 ± 0.29 (0.153 [0.015 to 0.283])	0.57 ± 0.23 (0.122 [−0.006 to 0.238])
Mean Specificity ±SD (Effect-size [95% CI])	0.64 ± 0.41 (NA)	0.40 ± 0.43 (−0.245 [−0.41 to −0.08])	0.56 ± 0.20 (−0.087 [−0.207 to 0.044])	0.52 ± 0.37 (−0.124 [−0.27 to 0.030])	0.73 ± 0.17 (0.092 [−0.022 to 0.214])	0.55 ± 0.33 (−0.089 [−0.229 to 0.057])	0.65 ± 0.21 (0.009 [−0.11 to 0.143])

Bolded text indicates highest effect sizes of mean differences in performance measures in comparison to using kernels input with only tabular clinical data.

AUC: area under the curve; SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval; IDP: image-derived phenotypes; MRI: cropped MRIs at the lateral ventricles.