Table 4.
Participants’ characteristics.
| Case | Control | Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Participants | 160 | 204 | |
| Female | 59.4% | 70.1% | P = 0.04303 |
| Age (years) mean ± SD | 44.3 ± 14.1 | 41.9 ± 11.8 | NS |
| Age Class, n(%) | |||
| <30 years old | 27 (7.62%) | 30 (8.47%) | P = 0.01843 |
| 30 – 39 years old | 29 (8.19 %) | 71 (20.10%) | |
| 40 – 49 years old | 39 (11.01%) | 44 (12.42%) | |
| 50 – 59 years old | 33 (9.32%) | 42 (11.86%) | |
| ≥ 60 years old | 22 (6.21%) | 17 (4.80%) | |
| Religion, n (%) | |||
| Islam | 141 (89.8) | 198 (97.1) | P = 0.008472 |
| Others | 16 (10.2) | 6 (2.9) | |
| Education, n | |||
| High (Diploma [S0], University [S1], Postgraduate [S2, S3]) | 64 | 76 | NS |
| Medium (Senior [SMA]/Junior high school [SMP]) | 75 | 85 | |
| Low (Elementary school) | 20 | 43 | |
| Occupation, n (%) | |||
| Public servant/teacher | 15 (9.8) | 20 (9.8) | P < 0.001 |
| Private sector/business/others | 60 (39.2) | 91 (44.6) | |
| Housewife/househusband | 43 (28.1) | 81 (39.7) | |
| No job/retired | 35 (22.9) | 12 (5.9) | |
| SCS Independence (Original Items), mean ± SD | 4.99 ± 0.73 | 5.26 ± 0.85 | P = 0.002318 |
| SCS Interdependence (Original Items), mean ± SD | 5.11 ± 0.69 | 4.98 ± 0.79 | NS |
| SCS Independence (12 Items), mean ± SD | 5.27 ± 0.76 | 5.80 ± 0.85 | P < 0.0001 |
| SCS Interdependence (12 Items), mean ± SD | 4.70 ± 1.01 | 4.20 ± 1.11 | P = 0.02181 |
| BAS Drive (Original Items), mean ± SD | 11.43 ± 2.51 | 12.41 ± 2.32 | P = 0.0001447 |
| BAS Fun Seeking (Original Items), mean ± SD | 10.70 ± 2.89 | 11.80 ± 2.28 | P < 0.0001 |
| BAS Reward Responsiveness (Original Items), mean ± SD | 15.19 ± 3.51 | 17.90 ± 2.19 | P < 0.0001 |
| BIS (Original Items), mean ± SD | 19.81 ± 3.42 | 19.31 ± 3.12 | NS |
| BAS Drive + Fun Seeking (13 Items), mean ± SD | 11.84 ± 2.62 | 13.29 ± 2.46 | P < 0.0001 |
| BAS Reward Responsiveness (13 Items), mean ± SD | 15.19 ± 3.51 | 17.64 ± 2.83 | P < 0.0001 |
| BIS (13 Items), mean ± SD | 12.00 ± 3.09 | 12.25 ± 2.65 | NS |
BIS, Behavioral Inhibition System; BAS, Behavioral Approach System; SCS, Self-construal Scale; SD, standard deviation.