Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Black Patients and Non-Black Patients in the Get With The Guidelines–Heart Failure Derivation Cohort.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Black (n = 23 453) | Non-Black (n = 100 181) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 63 (15) | 74 (14) | <.001 |
| Female | 11 158 (47.6) | 47 198 (47.1) | .203 |
| Male | 12 295 (52.4) | 52 983 (52.9) | |
| Race and ethnicitya | |||
| Asian | NA | 2121 (2.1) | NA |
| Hispanic | 211 (0.9) | 10 668 (10.6) | <.001 |
| White | NA | 91 154 (91.0) | NA |
| Other | NA | 6906 (6.9) | NA |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 148 (31) | 141 (29) | <.001 |
| BMI | 32.4 (10.3) | 30.1 (8.9) | <.001 |
| Medicaid insurance | 6854 (29.8) | 11 624 (11.8) | <.001 |
| Current smoking | 6694 (28.5) | 15 063 (15.0) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 20 701 (88.3) | 82 710 (82.6) | <.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 8018 (34.2) | 50 313 (50.2) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 11 462 (48.9) | 45 346 (45.3) | <.001 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 138.9 (4.0) | 137.8 (4.5) | <.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 2.0 (2.0) | 1.6 (1.3) | <.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.7 (2.2) | 11.9 (2.2) | <.001 |
| Plasma glucose, mg/dL | 133 (46) | 133 (49) | .68 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 143 (31) | 138 (27) | <.001 |
| HDLC, mg/dL | 42 (10) | 41 (9) | <.001 |
| BNP, median (IQR), pg/mL | 921 (399-1919) | 793 (390-1556) | <.001 |
| N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, median (IQR), pg/mL | 4670 (1946-11 456) | 4818 (2148-10 965) | .119 |
| Abnormal troponin | 8350 (35.6) | 29 545 (29.5) | <.001 |
| QRS duration, ms | 107 (28) | 115 (33) | <.001 |
| Social determinants of health characteristics (residential zip code–based)a | |||
| Disproportionate share hospital | 8764 (67.0) | 25 801 (50.1) | <.001 |
| Median household income, $ | 47 526 (18 012) | 61 026 (20 569) | <.001 |
| Adults without high school degree | 15.6 (7.6) | 11.7 (8.1) | <.001 |
| Poverty rate | 22.1 (10.3) | 13.8 (8.1) | <.001 |
| Adults not employed | 4.8 (2.2) | 3.2 (1.6) | <.001 |
| Vacancy rate | 14.0 (7.6) | 11.8 (9.4) | <.001 |
| Born outside the US | 10.3 (10.6) | 10.1 (11.9) | .09 |
| Distress score | 69.7 (25.7) | 48.2 (27.8) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; HDLC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.
SI conversion factors: To convert BNP to nanograms per liter, multiply by 1; cholesterol to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259; creatinine to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4; glucose to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0555; hemoglobin to grams per liter, multiply by 10; sodium to millimoles per liter, multiply by 1.
Patients reported race and ethnicity by choosing one of these options.
Social determinants of health characteristics are for 64 573 participants with available residential zip code and admission year 2015 or later.