Table 1.
Mouse models used in studying pancreatic islet cilia .
| Mouse model | Pancreas pathology | Obesity | Glucoseregulation | Glucagonsecretion | Insulinsecretion | Somatostatinsecretion | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole body Tg737orpk +/+ | Pancreatic mass ↓ Ductal dilation |
No | - | - | - | - | Cano et al. (2004) (8) |
| Whole body Tg737orpk +/+ | Acinar fibrosis Normal islet size |
No | Fasting serum glucose ↓ Glucose tolerance ↓ |
– | – | – | Zhang et al. (2005) (9) |
| Whole body Alms1 KO |
Islet hypertrophy | Yes | Fed & fasting serum glucose ↑ Glucose tolerance ↓ |
- | Fed serum insulin ↑ | - | Collin et al. (2005) (10) Arsov et al. (2006) (11) |
| β-cell-specific Pdx1-Cre Kif3a KO/cKO |
Acinar-to-ductal metaplasia Lipomatosis Ductal cysts Normal islet size |
No | Normal glucose tolerance | - | - | - | Cano et al. (2006) (12) |
| Whole body Kif3a cKO |
Not evaluated | Yes | Fasting serum glucose ↑ | - | Fed serum insulin ↑ | - | Davenport et al. (2007) (14) |
| Whole body Rfx3 KO |
α-cell mass ↓ β-cell mass ↓ PP cells ↑ Ghrelin cells ↓ |
No | Fasting serum glucose ↑ Glucose tolerance ↓ |
- | ex vivo GSIS ↓ | - | Ait-Lounis et al. (2007) (13) |
| β-cell-specific Pdx1-Cre LKB1 cKO |
β-cell size ↑ Altered β-cell polarity |
No | Normal fed & fasting serum glucose Glucose tolerance ↑ |
- | ex & in vivo GSIS ↑ | - | Granot et al. (2009) (15) |
| Whole body Bbs4 KO |
Normal islet size | Variable | Glucose tolerance ↓ Fasting serum glucose ↑ |
- | Elevated or normal fasting serum insulin | - | Eichers et al. (2006) (21) Gerdes et al. (2014) (16) |
| β-cell-specific | β-cell mass ↓ | No | Glucose tolerance ↓ | - | Fasting serum insulin ↓ | - | Volta et al. (2019) (17) |
| Pdx1-Cre IFT88 cKO (βICKO) | ex & in vivo GSIS ↓ | ||||||
| β-cell-specific Ins1-Cre IFT88 KO/cKO (βCKO) |
β-cell mass ↓ δ-cell mass ↑ |
No | Fasting serum glucose ↑ Glucose tolerance ↓ |
Fed serum glucagon ↑ Glucagon secretion ↑ |
Fed serum insulin ↓ ex & in vivo GSIS ↓ |
Somatostatin secretion ↑ | Hughes et al. (2020) (18) |
Orpk: Oak ridge polycystic kidney; Alms1: Alstrom syndrome 1; Pdx1: Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1; Rfx3: Regulatory factor X3; Kif3a: Kinesin family member 3A; LKB1: Liver kinase B1; Bbs4: Bardet-Biedl syndrome 4; IFT88: Intraflagellar transport 88; Ins1: Insulin 1; cKO: Conditional knockout; GSIS: Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
↑, Increase; ↓, Decrease; -, Not evaluated.