Table 3. Comparison of Constituent Released from an IQOS (THS 2.2) Stick Vapors with Those from the 3R4F Reference Cigarette Smokea.
| Cozzani et al.4 | PMI MRTP data37 | Schaller et al.38 | Auer et al.29 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| constituents detected | amount per heatstick (HCI regimen) | amount per heatstick (HCI regimen) | amount per heatstick (HCI regimen) | amount per heatstick (ISO regimen) | range of values obtained per 3R4F cigarette4,37,38 |
| carbonyls | |||||
| acetaldehydec (μg) | 211–230 (13–14)b | 197.2–199.4 (12–12)b | 181–267 (11–16)b | 133 | 1656–1713 |
| acetonec (μg) | 31–35.9 (4–5)b | 31.5–32.5 (5)b | 28.7–41.9 (4–6)b | 0.9 | 685–708 |
| butyraldehyde (μg) | 22.5–23.1 (25)b | 15.3–25.6 (18–31)b | 83.5–91 | ||
| acroleinc (μg) | 8.4–10.7 (5–7)b | 9.20–9.36 (5)b | 5.83–14.17 (4–9)b | 161–177 | |
| crotonaldehydec (μg) | 0.988–3.292 (2–6)b | 3.29 (6)b | 3.29 (6)b | 0.7 | 51.7–55.2 |
| formaldehydec (μg) | 6.1–9.1 (7–10)b | 7.10–7.68 (10–11)b | 4.58–13.42 (5–15)b | 3.2 | 70.2–88.9 |
| methyl ethyl ketonec (μg) | 7.0–7.6 (4)b | 7.08–7.10 (4)b | 6.42–10.15 (4–6)b | 183–197 | |
| propionaldehydec (μg) | 13.7–14.9 (11–12)b | 12.2–12.4 (10)b | 12.3–15.2 (10–12)b | 7.8 | 122–125 |
| vinyl acetatec (ng) | 60.1–66.4 (9–10)b | 646 | |||
| glycols | |||||
| glycerin (mg) | 4.38–4.39 (190)b | 3.72–5.69 (163–250)b | 2.28–2.30 | ||
| hydrocarbons | |||||
| 1,3-butadienec (μg) | 0.3 (0.3)b | 0.230–0.273 (0.2–0.3)b | 0.095–0.347 (0.1–0.4)b | 93–98.2 | |
| benzenec (μg) | 0.5–0.6 (0.6–0.7)b | 0.483–0.561 (0.6–0.7)b | 0.442–1.010 (0.5–1.0)b | 81.1–90.7 | |
| ethylbenzenec (μg) | 0.132–0.151 (0.9–1.0)b | 14.8 | |||
| hydroquinone (μg) | 7.0–7.4 (8)b | 4.77–9.39 (5–11)b | 88.3–92.5 | ||
| toluenec (μg) | 1.9–2.0 (1)b | 1.40–1.65 (1)b | 1.77–3.05 (1–2)b | 137–158 | |
| styrenec (μg) | 0.7–0.8 (4)b | 0.328–0.336 (3)b | 0.468–1.128 (3–7)b | 13–18.2 | |
| isoprenec (μg) | 2.3–2.6 (0.3)b | 1.33–1.62 (0.2)b | 1.01–4.34 (0.1–0.5)b | 812–913 | |
| metals | |||||
| arsenicc (ng) | 1.20 (15)b | 1.20–1.43 (15–18)b | 7.99–8.23 | ||
| cadmiumc (ng) | 0.09–0.28 (0.1–0.3)b | 0.280 (0.3)b | 94–99.4 | ||
| leadc (ng) | 1.62–3.80 (5–12)b | 31.9 | |||
| mercuryc (ng) | 1.88–2.11 (43–48)b | 0.70–1.60 (15–34)b | 4.36–4.67 | ||
| nitrogen-containing compounds | |||||
| acetamidec (μg) | 3.21–3.28 (26–27)b | 2.24–6.28 (17–48)b | 12.3–13.0 | ||
| acrylamidec (μg) | 1.64–1.80 (38–42)b | 0.78–3.56 (17–79)b | 4.33–4.5 | ||
| acrylonitrilec (μg) | 0.2 (0.8)b | 0.107–0.112 (0.5)b | 0.107–0.335 (0.4–1.0)b | 22.5–26.1 | |
| ammoniac (μg) | 13.14–13.38 (41–42)b | 5.3–97.2 (17–312)b | 31.2–31.7 | ||
| hydrogen cyanidec (μg) | 2.06–2.17 (0.5)b | 4.37–10.07 (1–3)b | 364–433 | ||
| 3-aminobiphenyl (ng) | 0.012 (0.3)b | 0.004–0.014 (0.1–0.3)b | 4.09–4.5 | ||
| 4-aminobiphenylc (ng) | 0.016 (0.5)b | 0.008–0.010 (0.3–0.4)b | 0.005–0.028 (0.2–1.0)b | 2.77–3.10 | |
| 1-aminonaphthalenec (ng) | 0.07 (0.3)b | 0.027 (0.1)b | 0.027–0.091 (0.1–0.4)b | 18.4–22.4 | |
| 2,6-dimethlyanilinec (ng) | 0.270–0.316 (3–4)b | 8.01 | |||
| 2-aminonaphthalenec (ng) | 0.04 (0.3)b | 0.012 (0.1)b | 0.012–0.056 (0.1–0.3)b | 11.6–16.2 | |
| nicotinec (mg) | 1.37–1.38 (69)b | 1.23 (66)b | 0.62–1.64 (33–87)b | 1.87–2.0 | |
| nitromethanec (ng) | 44.3–51.2 (5–6)b | 809 | |||
| o-anisidinec (ng) | 0.124–0.131 (2–3)b | 5.20 | |||
| o-toluidinec (ng) | 1.08 (1)b | 0.542–3.094 (0.5–3.0)b | 103.9–105 | ||
| quinolinec (μg) | 0.003–0.011 (0.6–2)b | 0.011 (3)b | 0.011 (3)b | 0.409–0.49 | |
| pyridine (μg) | 7.4–7.8 (21–22)b | 5.53–11.18 (18–35)b | 31.5–35.1 | ||
| 2-nitropropanec (ng) | 6.0–8.40 (16–23)b | 36.5 | |||
| other constituents | |||||
| Tar (NFDPM) (mg) | 16.5–17.9 (60–65)b | 18.7–20 (65–70)b | 10.6–25.5 (40–95)b | 26.8–28.6 | |
| TPM (mg) | 54–55.2 (118–120)b | 52.8–54.8 (118–122)b | 46.8–57.8 (105–129)b | 44.7–45.8 | |
| vinyl chloridec (ng) | 0.657 (0.5)b | 2.19–3.92 (2–4)b | 100.8–128 | ||
| water (mg) | 34.7–37.3 (213–229)b | 32.9–33.6 (230–235)b | 25.6–40.9 (162–258)b | 14.3–16.3 | |
| oxygenated compounds | |||||
| carbon monoxidec (mg) | 0.159–0.54 (0.5–2)b | 0.067(0.2)b | 0.223–0.567(0.7–2)b | 30.6–33.4 | |
| ethylene oxidec (μg) | 0.198–0.234 (0.9–1)b | 0.119–0.324 (0.5–1)b | 21.2–24.10 | ||
| benzo[b]furanc (μg) | 0.027–0.030 (5)b | 0.592 | |||
| furanc (μg) | 4.43–4.49 (8)b | 58.3 | |||
| nitric oxide (μg) | 3.7–51.4 (0.7–10)b | 510 | |||
| nitrogen oxide (μg) | 4.2–51.4 (0.7–9)b | 571 | |||
| propylene oxidec (ng) | 158–159 (17)b | 65–109 (6–10)b | 930–1110 | ||
| PAHs | |||||
| naphthalenec (ng) | 5.94–7.34 (0.5–0.6)b | 1.6 | 1197 | ||
| 1-methylnaphthalene (ng) | 6.78–8.36 (0.7–0.8)b | 1016 | |||
| 2-methylnaphthalene (ng) | 29.8–35.3 (3–4)b | 953 | |||
| acenaphthylene (ng) | 2.44–2.97 (1–2)b | 1.9 | 196 | ||
| acenaphthene (ng) | 0.683–0.702 (0.5)b | 145 | 129 | ||
| anthracene (ng) | 0.786–0.942 (0.7–0.8)b | 0.3 | 120 | ||
| fluorene (ng) | 8.1–10.3 (2–3)b | 1.5 | 409 | ||
| phenanthrene (ng) | 5.34–6.62 (3)b | 2.0 | 201 | ||
| benz[a]anthracenec (ng) | 2.01–2.75 (6–9)b | 0.36–20.52 (1–75)b | 1.8 | 27.2–31.6 | |
| chrysenec (ng) | 2.93–3.86 (7–9)b | 1.5 | 40.7 | ||
| fluoranthene (ng) | 7.6–10.5 (7–10)b | 7.3 | 107 | ||
| pyrene (ng) | 8.4–11.4 (9–13)b | 1.97–74.09 (2–93)b | 6.4 | 79.3–88.9 | |
| benzo[b]fluoranthenec (ng) | 0.84–1.20 (6–9)b | 0.5 | 13.9 | ||
| benzo[k]fluoranthenec (ng) | 0.395–0.607 (8–12)b | 0.4 | 4.86 | ||
| benzo[j]fluoranthene (ng) | 0.574–0.849 (8–12)b | 7.30 | |||
| benzo[c]phenanthrenec (ng) | 0.86–1.29 (11–16)b | 7.96 | |||
| benzo[j]aceanthrylenec (ng) | 0.104 (9)b | 1.15 | |||
| benzo[a]pyrenec (ng) | 0.60–0.61 (3–4)b | 0.74–1.12 (5–7)b | 0.35–4.46 (2–30)b | 0.8 | 15.0–17.3 |
| perylene (ng) | 0.379 (10)b | 3.78 | |||
| benzo[e]pyrenec (ng) | 0.496–0.680 (8–10)b | 6.54 | |||
| benzo[g,h,i]perylene (ng) | 0.337 (12)b | 2.85 | |||
| cyclopenta[c,d]pyrenec (ng) | 1.12–1.96 (19–33)b | 6.0 | |||
| dibenzo[a,h]anthracenec (ng) | 0.124 (16)b | 0.413 (52)b | 0.79–0.797 | ||
| indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrenec (ng) | 0.337 (6)b | 5.36 | |||
| phenols | |||||
| catecholc (μg) | 14.3–14.7 (17)b | 12.7–12.9 (13)b | 10.6–16.3 (12–18)b | 84.2–98.1 | |
| m-cresolc (μg) | 0.03 (1)b | 0.030–0.033 (1)b | 0.019–0.116 (1–3)b | 3.2–3.61 | |
| o-cresolc (μg) | 0.06–0.07 (2)b | 0.041–0.42 (1)b | 0.041–0.113 (1–3)b | 3.76–4.11 | |
| p-cresolc (μg) | 0.07 (0.9)b | 0.034–0.040 (0.5–0.6)b | 0.034–0.122 (0.4–1.0)b | 6.56–8.86 | |
| phenolc (μg) | 1.3–1.4 (10–11)b | 0.812–0.941 (6–7)b | 0.72–1.59 (5–11)b | 12.8–14.4 | |
| resorcinol (μg) | 0.016–0.055 (0.8–3)b | 0.055–0.080 (3–5)b | 1.75–2.0 | ||
| TSNAs | |||||
| 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)c (ng) | 6.92–9.00 (3–4)b | 2.0–29.3 (0.8–11)b | 232–261 | ||
| N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN)c (ng) | 9.5–15.2 (3–5)b | 3.0–57.1 (1–20)b | 277–284 | ||
| N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) (ng) | 0.77–8.89 (3–29)b | 30.3 | |||
| N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) (ng) | 4.9–63.9 (2–24)b | 269 | |||
a
The results compare the yields from an IQOS stick with the reference 3R4F cigarette; however, on an equivalent tobacco basis, the IQOS yields should be multiplied by at least 3.2. HCI, Health Canada Intense smoking regimen; ISO, International Organization for Standardization smoking regimen; PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; TSNAs, tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Note: For consistency with other data in the table, only yields reported for THS 2.2 by Auer et al.29 are presented here because the authors reported yields of reference cigarette that were different from 3R4F reported by the other studies.
b
Compound in IQOS aerosol as a percentage of amount in 3R4F reference cigarette smoke.
c
Compound in FDA list of HPHCs.