Table 1. Synthesis Methods and Applications of MoS₂.

no.	synthesis method	metal precursor used	source of sulfur used	morphology and particle size	applications	ref
1	chemical exfoliation	commercially available MoS2 powder		nanosheets	photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl halides	(24)
2	chemical vapor deposition	ammonium heptamolybdate	sulfur	not mentioned		(25)
3	colloidal	ammonium tetrathiomolybdate [(NH4)2MoS4]	ammonium tetrathiomolybdate [(NH4)2MoS4]	spherical quantum dots with average size ∼5 nm	bioimaging	(26)
4	colloidal	Mo(CO)6	sulfur powder	nanosheets	electrochemical studies	(15)
5	heating	Mo(acac)2	1-dodecanethiol	nanosheet	electrical bistability performance	(27)
6	hot injection	molybdenum(V) chloride (MoCl5)	N,N′-diphenylthiourea	nanosheets		(28)
7	hydrothermal	sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO4·2H2O)	thioacetamide (CH3CSNH2)	coral-like	lubrication additive; photocatalytic degradation of liquid paraffin	(29)
8	hydrothermal	(NH4)2MoS4	(NH4)2MoS4		fluorescent probe for hyaluronidase detection	(21)
9	hydrothermal	(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O	thiourea (H2CSNH2)	layered MoS2 nanoflowers with ∼0.1 μm particle size	photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes	(16)
10	hydrothermal	sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO4·2H2O)	thioacetamide (C2H5NS)	nanoflowers with average size ∼100 nm	photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B	(17)
11	hydrothermal	sodium molybdate dehydrate (Na2MoO4·2H2O)	l-cysteine	quantum dots with ∼2.5 nm particle size	detection of methyl parathion (pesticide)	(18)
12	hydrothermal	Na2MoO4·2H2O	cysteine	quantum dots with ∼3.5 nm particle size	fluorescent probe for sensing of hydroquinone and bioimaging	(30)
13	hydrothermal	MoO3	potassium thiocyanate	flowerlike MoS2 spheres with average diameter of 1–2 nm	photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue	(31)
14	hydrothermal	Na2MoO4·2H2O	l-cysteine	microspheres comprising crossed-linked nanorods ∼100 nm in length	photocatalytic degradation of thiocarbamate herbicides	(32)
15	hydrothermal	ammonium tetrathiomolybdate [(NH4)2MoS4]	thiourea (H2CSNH2)	flowerlike microsphere	photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B and methylene blue	(33)
16	hydrothermal	Na2MoO4·2H2O	thiourea (H2CSNH2)	irregular with average size in the range 12–25 nm	electrochemical studies	(20)
17	hydrothermal	ammonium hepta molybdate tetrahydrate [(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O]	• ammonium polysulfide	ammonium polysulfide as the sulfur source: uniform MoS2 nanospheres with average size of ∼100 nm	lubrication additive	(22)
			• thiourea (CH4N2S)	thiourea as the sulfur source: multilayer nanosheets
18	hydrothermal	(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O	• thiourea	nanosheets	detection of dopamine	(34)
19	hydrothermal	(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O	Na2S	hierarchical porous with the thickness of ∼20–40nm	detection of phenol sulfite oxidase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase and superoxide dismutase mimicking activities	(35)
20	microwave	ammonium tetrathiomolybdate [(NH4)2MoS4]	ammonium tetrathiomolybdate [(NH4)2MoS4]	quantum dots with average diameter of ∼1.72 nm	determination of terramycin	(36)
21	solid state	(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O	sulfur	nanosheets, thinner than 5 nm	photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B	(19)
22	solid state	(NH4)2MoO4	thiourea	sheetlike structure and ultrathin layers	electrochemical measurement	(37)