Table 2. Summary of Previous Work on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Industrial Pollutants Using MoS₂-Based Materials.

no.	photocatalyst used	pollutants	particle size	band gap energy	light source	degradation efficiency	ref
1	MoS2/CuO	2-mercapto benzothiazole	not mentioned	MoS2: 1.9 eV	300 W Xe lamp	degraded 96.0% of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole within 120 min	(78)
				CuO: 1.7 eV
2	reduced GO/ZnO/MoS2 and CNTs/ZnO/MoS2	aniline	not mentioned	reduced GO/ZnO/MoS2 = 2.24 eV; and CNTs/ZnO/MoS2 = 2.31 eV	two 50 W LED lamps	complete mineralization of aniline after 210 min	(73)
3	rutile-based inorganic hollow microspheres and hydrogenated black TiO2 decorated with MoS2	arsenite	not mentioned	2.18 eV	DH-2000 deuterium tungsten halogen	96.6% within 200 min	(79)
4	MoS2/CoTiO3	bisphenol A	length: ∼100–200 nm and width: ∼50–60 nm	not mentioned	natural sunlight	CoTiO3: 6.1%	(74)
						MoS2: 9.8%
						Different wt % of MoS2/CoTiO3
						2 wt %: 71.3%
						5 wt %: 82.1%
						10 wt %: 77.4%
						20 wt %: 68.1% within 90 min
5	g-C3N4/MoS2- polyaniline	bisphenol A	not mentioned	g-C3N4: 2.21 eV	not mentioned	92.7% within 60 min	(75)
				composite: 2.67 eV
6	MoS2/BiVO4-activated PMS	bisphenol A	pure MoS2: nanoflowerlike structure with a size of 0.5–1 μm	MoS2: 1.67 eV	300 W Xe lamp	93.3% of bisphenol A degraded within 20 min	(76)
				BiVO4: 2.37 eV
			pristine BiVO4: olivelike structure with a length of 2 μm and a width of 1 μm	2-MoS2/BiVO4: 1.82 eV
7	MoS2/ZnS/ZnO	Cr(VI)	4.5 μm	2.8–3.1 eV	300 W Xe lamp	98.7% within 90 min	(80)
8	MoS2	crystal	not mentioned	1.86 eV	natural sunlight	92% within 50 min	(81)
		violet
9	MoS2/ZnS nanoparticles embedded in N/S-doped graphite carbon	dicofol (pesticide)	∼25 nm	not mentioned	350 W Xe lamp	84.5% within 100 min	(82)
10	MoS2-In2S3	hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]	MoS2: 2 μm	not mentioned	300 W Xe lamp	complete removal of Cr(VI) within 30 min	(83)
			In2S3: 200–1000 nm
11	MoS2/Ag2CO3	Lanasol Red 5B	MoS2: 0.4–1.5 μm	MoS2: 1.88 eV	500 W Xe lamp	95.0% within 25 min	(84)
			Ag2CO3: 0.5–2.5 μm	Ag2CO3: 2.28 eV
12	BiOI/MoS2	methyl orange	2–3 nm	1.65 eV	not mentioned	methyl orange: 95.6% after 75 min	(85)
13	MoS2/ZnO	methylene blue	not mentioned	ZnO: 3.22 eV	natural sunlight	∼97.0% within 20 min	(12)
				MoS2/ZnO: 3.12 eV
14	MoS2/SrFe12O19	methylene blue	MoS2: 200 nm	MoS2: 1.4 eV	simulated sunlight	the composite achieved up to 97.0% degradation rate	(68)
				SrFe12O19: 1.7 eV
			SrFe12O19: 100 nm	mass ratio of SrFe12O19 to MoS2
				1:2 = 1.37 eV; 1:3 = 1.54 eV
15	MoS2 nanobox embedded g-C3N4@TiO2	methylene blue	not mentioned	g-C3N4: 2.51 eV	350 W Xe lamp	97.5% within 60 min	(86)
				TiO2: 3.18 eV
				g-C3N4@TiO2: 2.76 eV
				MoS2: 1.18 eV
				MoS2@TiO2: 1.25 eV
				g-C3N4@TiO2/MoS2: 1.41 eV
16	carbon-modified MoS2/TiO2	methylene blue	50–100 nm	TiO2: 3.2 eV	150 W Xe arc lamp	99.0% within 60 min	(87)
				carbon-modified MoS2: 1.3 eV
17	MoS2	methylene blue		1 layer MoS2: 1.88 eV	1000 W Halogen lamp	∼95.6% after 120 min	(88)
				10 layer MoS2: 1.35 eV
18	TiO2/MoS2	phenol	600 nm	≤3.25 eV; decreases as TiO2/MoS2 ratio decreases	300 W Xe lamp	78.0% after 150 min	(72)
19	bacterial cellulose/MoS2	pyrocatechol violet	not mentioned	1.66 eV	35 mW/cm2	84.5% within 180 min	(89)
					Xe lamp
20	MoS2	rhodamine b	2.5 μm	2.05 eV	5 W LED	62.1% after 120 min	(33)
21	MoS2 quantum dots/few-layered MoS2 nanosheets coated with Ag3PO4 nanoparticles core@shell heterostructure	rhodamine B	2–14 nm	2.47 eV	300 W Xe lamp	complete degradation of dye in 16 min	(90)
22	BiOI/MoS2	rhodamine B	2 μm	BiOI: 1.73 eV	500 W Xe lamp	complete degradation within 90 min	(91)
				MoS2: 1.42 eV
23	MoS2/ZnO spheres	rhodamine B	1.2–2.1 μm	not mentioned	300 W Xe lamp	completely degrade rhodamine B within 90 min	(92)
24	MoS2/FeVO4	rhodamine B	not mentioned	MoS2: 1.9 eV	250 W Xe lamp	90.0% within 120 min	(93)
				FeVO4: 2.16 eV
25	MoS2@NiFe2O4	rhodamine B	MS nanosheets with thickness of 10–50 nm	MoS2: 1.17 eV	350 W Xe lamp	96.4% within 90 min	(94)
			NiFe2O4 layered nanostructure with thickness of ∼50 nm	NiFe2O4: 2.75 eV
				MoS2@NiFe2O4: 2.01 eV
26	MoS2@rGO	thiophene	14.5 nm	2.02–1.68 eV	125 W Hg lamp	complete removal after 75 min	(77)