Table 6. Summary of Previous Studies on Photocatalytic Evolution of H₂ Using MoS₂-Based Materials.

no.	photocatalyst used	size and morphology	hydrogen production rate	light source	sacrificial reagent	ref
1	MoS2/ Pyrrole/ZnO	ordered porous structure with 100–200 nm macropores	40.22 mmol cm–2 h–1	300 W Xe lamp with cutoff filter (λ = 420 nm)	Na2S/Na2SO3	(157)
2	MoS2/Zn3In2S6	lamellar surface structure with 1–3 μm particle size	74.25 μmol h–1	300 W Xe lamp with cutoff filter (λ = 420 nm)	no sacrificial reagent	(158)
3	MoS2/Carbon QDs/ZnIn2S4	flowerlike microspheres with average size 2.0 μm	150 μmol h–1	300 W Xe lamp with cutoff filter (λ = 420 nm)	triethanolamine	(159)
4	WO3@MoS2/CdS	MoS2 nanosheets uniformly grown on WO3 rods and encapsulated by MoS2 and CdS	8.2 mmol g–1 h–1	300 W Xe lamp	lactic acid	(160)
5	MoS2/Zn0.5Cd0.5S/g-C3N4	MoS2 and g-C3N4 crumpled sheets and Zn0.5Cd0.5S particles	4914 μmol g–1 h–1	300 W Xe lamp	Na2S/Na2SO3	(161)
6	MoS2/Cu-ZnIn2S4	2D flowerlike MoS2 microspheres grown on Cu-ZnIn2S4	5463 μmol g–1 h–1	300 W Xe lamp with cutoff filter (λ = 420 nm)	ascorbic acid	(162)
7	CdS/MoS2/MXene	CdS dispersed on sheet-like MXene and MoS2	9679 μmol g–1 h–1	300 W Xe lamp with cutoff filter (λ = 420 nm)	Na2S/Na2SO3	(163)
8	MoS2/activated carbon composite sensitized by Erythrosin B	Nanosheets (5–50 nm width/length, 3–6 nm thickness)	872.3 μmol h–1	30 W white light LED lamp	Triethanolamine	(164)
10	MoS2/graphene	microball	Na2S = can produce the maximum H2 production rate of 264.9 μmol g–1 h–1	350 W Xe lamp	different sacrificial reagents: Na2S·9H2O	(165)
					Na2SO3
					Na2SO4
					methanol
			formic acid = can produce the maximum hydrogen production rate of 280.5 μmol g–1 h–1		ethanol
					formic acid
					lactic acid
					ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
11	Co-doped MoS2/g-C3N4	Ultrathin Co (∼4 nm) and MoS2 nanosheets attached to g-C3N4 nanosheets	Lactic acid = 333 μmol g–1 h–1	simulated solar irradiation	lactic acid, methanol and triethanolamine	(166)
			Methanol = 1326 μmol g–1 h–1
			Triethanolamine = 3193 μmol g–1 h–1
12	NiSe2/MoS2	3D NiSe2 nanocrystals are uniformly deposited and tightly attached to the surface of MoS2 microsphere	bare MoS2: 1173.3 μmol g–1 h–1	300 W Xe lamp	Na2S/Na2SO3	(167)
			bare NiSe2: 1065.7 μmol g–1 h–1
			5.4% NiSe2/MoS2: 2473.7 μmol g–1 h–1
13	MoS2@TiO2	2D MoS2 nanosheets coated on 3D TiO2	2985.16 μmol g–1 h–1	300 W Xe lamp	triethanolamine	(168)
14	MoS2/hollow carbon spheres/ZnIn2S4	pure ZnIn2S4: spherical structure with a diameter of 4–5 μm	620.9 μmol g–1 h–1	300 W Xe lamp	triethanolamine	(169)
		MoS2/hollow carbon spheres/ZnIn2S4: spherical
15	MoS2@ZnxCd1-xS	hexagonal	630 μmol g–1 h–1	300 W Xe lamp		(109)
16	CdS nanosheets/MoS2	ultrathin layers of MoS2 with size ∼200 nm well distributed on the surface of CdS nanosheets	1.75 mmol g–1 h–1	300 W Xe lamp	lactic acid formic acid Na2S/Na2SO3	(170)
17	MoS2/CdS	willow-branch-shaped MoS2/CdS composite consisted of rodlike subunits	250.8 μmol h–1	300 W Xe lamp	lactic acid	(171)