Table 3.
Neonatal and maternal health outcomes and delivery by skilled health workers
| 7-day death | 28-day death | Postpartum complication (bleeding) | Postpartum complication (fever) | |
| Panel A. Delivery with skilled assistance | ||||
| First stage (dependent variable: delivery with skilled assistance) | ||||
| Cum. perc. of treated pop. | 0.1171* | 0.1171* | 0.0975* | 0.0975* |
| (0.0255) | (0.0255) | (0.0254) | (0.0254) | |
| F-statistic | 21.1000 | 21.1000 | 14.7776 | 14.7776 |
| R-squared | 0.2262 | 0.2262 | 0.2309 | 0.2309 |
| Second stage IV (dependent variable: neonatal and maternal health outcomes) | ||||
| Delivery with skilled assistance | −0.0504 | −0.0341 | 0.1537 | −0.2625 |
| (0.0489) | (0.0534) | (0.2263) | (0.2102) | |
| Mean fraction skilled assistance | 0.7414 | 0.7414 | 0.7657 | 0.7657 |
| Mean fraction health outcome | 0.0262 | 0.0314 | 0.1886 | 0.1612 |
| Panel B. Delivery with doctor assistance | ||||
| First stage (dependent variable: Delivery with doctor assistance) | ||||
| Cum. perc. of treated pop. | 0.1147* | 0.1147* | 0.0963* | 0.0963* |
| (0.0292) | (0.0292) | (0.0286) | (0.0286) | |
| F-statistic | 15.4854 | 15.4854 | 11.3185 | 11.3185 |
| R-squared | 0.3387 | 0.3387 | 0.3459 | 0.3459 |
| Second stage IV (dependent variable: neonatal and maternal health outcomes) | ||||
| Delivery with doctor assistance | −0.0316 | −0.0102 | 0.2620 | −0.2515 |
| (0.0588) | (0.0625) | (0.2614) | (0.2363) | |
| Mean fraction doctor assistance | 0.6332 | 0.6332 | 0.6699 | 0.6699 |
| Mean fraction health outcome | 0.0262 | 0.0314 | 0.1909 | 0.1563 |
| Panel C. Delivery with nurse assistance | ||||
| First stage (dependent variable: delivery with nurse assistance) | ||||
| Cum. perc. of treated pop. | 0.1413* | 0.1413* | 0.1171* | 0.1171* |
| (0.0364) | (0.0364) | (0.0397) | (0.0397) | |
| F-statistic | 15.0774 | 15.0774 | 8.7123 | 8.7123 |
| R-squared | 0.2263 | 0.2263 | 0.2337 | 0.2337 |
| Second stage IV (dependent variable: neonatal and maternal health outcomes) | ||||
| Delivery with nurse assistance | −0.0546 | −0.0129 | −0.1073 | −0.3008 |
| (0.0611) | (0.0651) | (0.2331) | (0.2414) | |
| Mean fraction nurse assistance | 0.5318 | 0.5318 | 0.5515 | 0.5515 |
| Mean fraction health outcome | 0.0288 | 0.0347 | 0.1813 | 0.1759 |
Note: Each column in each panel lists estimates from separate regressions. All regressions control for month of birth, year of birth, town fixed effects, neonate characteristics (if the birth is a multiple birth, the sex of the neonate, if the birth is the birth and birth order), mother characteristics (age at delivery (categorical variable), education level (categorical variables), using modern contraceptives, being insured, smoking behaviour, BMI, having a previous miscarriage, abortion, or stillbirth, religion, if the mother belongs to a caste and tribe) and household characteristics (wealth index, if the household has electricity). The F-statistic corresponds to a test of significance of the instrumental variable. The instrumental variable is the cumulative percentage of treated population (population that gained access to a paved road) in a town. Robust SEs clustered at the town level are shown in parentheses.
*Significant at the 1 percentage level.
BMI, body mass index.