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. 2022 Jun 22;7(26):22341–22350. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01164

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© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Apoastaxanthinals suppressed the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in the activated RAW264.7 macrophages. Carotenoid-pretreated (5 μM for 2 h) cells are stimulated by LPS (100 ng/mL for 6 h) in the presence of carotenoids (5 μM). The levels of each inflammatory factor mRNA expression were determined by the quantitative PCR method. Gapdh was used as the endogenous control. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3) with different letters (p < 0.05). Apo11: apo-11-astaxanthinal. Apo14′: apo-14′-astaxanthinal. Apo12′: apo-12′-astaxanthinal. Apo10′: apo-10′-astaxanthinal. Apo8′: apo-8′-astaxanthinal.