Table 1. ¹H NMR Analysis of Peaks 1, 5, and 6 Generated by Astaxanthin Oxidation^a.

	peak 1	peak 5	peak 6
position	δ (ppm) mult. J (Hz)	δ (ppm) mult. J (Hz)	δ (ppm) mult. J (Hz)
H-2α	2.2 dd (13, 5)	2.18 dd (13, 5)	2.16 dd (13.5, 6)
H-2β	1.88 dd (13, 13)	1.84 dd (13, 13)	1.82 dd (13.5, 13.5)
H-3	4.35 ddd (13, 5, 2)	4.35 ddd (13, 5, 2)	4.33 ddd (13.5, 6, 2)
H-7	6.7 d (17)	6.27 d (17)	6.23 d (15.5)
H-8	6.36 d (17)	6.45 d (17)	6.43 d (15.5)
H-10	6.03 d (7)	6.32 d (11)	6.3 d (11)
H-11	10.18 d (7)	6.76 dd (15, 11)	6.68 dd (15, 11)
H-12		6.49 d (15)	6.45 d (15)
H-14		6.36 d (11)	6.33 d (11)
H-15		6.88 dd (15, 11)	6.77 dd (15, 11)
H3-16	1.34 s	1.35 s	1.33 s
H3-17	1.19 s	1.23 s	1.21 s
H3-18	1.89 s	1.96 s	1.95 s
H3-19	2.35 s	2.04 s	2.02 s
H3-20		2.05 s	2.02 s
H-8′			9.46 s
H-10′		9.62 d (9)	6.94 d (11)
H-11′		6.23 dd (15, 9)	6.69 dd (15, 11)
H-12′		7.18 d (15)	6.75 d (15)
H-14′		6.64 d (11)	6.45 d (11)
H-15′		6.68 dd (15, 11)	6.7 dd (15, 11)
H3-19′			1.91 s
H3-20′		1.94 s	2.02 s
OH	3.68 d (2)	3.4 d (2)	3.68 d (2)

^as, singlet; d, doublet; dd, doublet-of-doublets; ddd, doublet-of-doublets-of-doublets.