Table 1.

Short-term, intermediate, and long-term outcomes for the activities recommended for the school-based program model developed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Division of Adolescent and School Health for preventing HIV/STDs and unintended pregnancy and related health risk behaviors and experiences among adolescents

Strategy Area	Short-term Outcomes	Intermediate Outcomes	Long-term Outcomes
Sexual health education	Teacher ability to teach sexual health education effectively Student receipt of effective sexual health education	Student knowledge, skills, and behaviors to avoid and reduce sexual risk behaviors Student awareness of sexual health services needs and services Student HIV testing Student STD testing Student reproductive healthcare visits Access to confidential SHS in accordance with state laws Parental monitoring Parent/student communication about sexual health information and services Student connectedness to school	Delayed onset of sexual activity Decreased sex without a condom Increased use of contraceptives Decreased risk behaviors that place adolescents at higher risk of adverse health outcomes including substance use, violence, and mental illness Reduced HIV infection and other STDs Decreased unintended pregnancy rates Increased student academic success
Sexual health services	Access to on-site and off-site sexual health services Delivery of on-site sexual health services Referrals for sexual health services to community providers
Safe and supportive environments	Teacher implementation of best classroom management practices for safe and supportive environments Student participation in positive youth development activities

Note: Some intermediate and long-term outcomes are linked to multiple strategy areas (for example, “student awareness of sexual health services needs and services” is an intermediate outcome linked to both sexual health education and sexual health services strategy areas and activities.