Table 1.
Baseline and biochemical characteristics by ALP quintiles (Q1-Q5) in patients with AIS with preserved renal function
| Variables | Overall (n = 1922) |
ALP Quintiles, U/L | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n = 364) |
Q2 (n = 383) |
Q3 (n = 402) |
Q4 (n = 387) |
Q5 (n = 386) |
|||
| Age, years | 63.1 ± 12.0 | 63.5 ± 12.6 | 62.8 ± 12.1 | 63.0 ± 11.8 | 62.8 ± 12.5 | 63.4 ± 11.0 | 0.879 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.002 | ||||||
| man | 1198(62.3) | 241(66.2) | 260(67.9) | 241(60) | 243(62.8) | 213(55.2) | |
| women | 724(37.7) | 123(33.8) | 123(32.1) | 161(40) | 144(37.2) | 173(44.8) | |
| Educational level, n (%) | 0.336 | ||||||
| Elementary or below | 888(46.2) | 155(42.6) | 177(46.2) | 200(49.8) | 170(43.9) | 186(48.2) | |
| Middle school | 386(20.1) | 75(20.6) | 85(22.2) | 66(16.4) | 81(20.9) | 79(20.5) | |
| High school or above | 648(33.7) | 134(36.8) | 121(31.6) | 136(33.8) | 136(35.1) | 121(31.3) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.003 | ||||||
| Never smoking | 1057(55.0) | 204(56) | 204(53.3) | 232(57.7) | 194(50.1) | 223(57.8) | |
| Smoking cessation | 375(19.5) | 88(24.2) | 75(19.6) | 72(17.9) | 87(22.5) | 53(13.7) | |
| Current smoking | 490(25.5) | 72(19.8) | 104(27.2) | 98(24.4) | 106(27.4) | 110(28.5) | |
| Drinking, n (%) | 473(24.6) | 84(23.1) | 108(28.2) | 96(23.9) | 103(26.6) | 82(21.2) | 0.169 |
| Prior stroke, n (%) | 504(26.2) | 102(28) | 103(26.9) | 110(27.4) | 95(24.5) | 94(24.4) | 0.694 |
| NIHSS score on admission, n (%) | 3.0(1.0,5.0) | 3.0(1.0,5.0) | 3.0(1.0,5.0) | 3.0(1.0,5.0) | 4.0(1.0,5.0) | 4.0(1.0,6.0) | 0.059 |
| Pneumonia during hospitalization, n (%) | 67(3.5) | 21(5.8) | 7(1.8) | 4(1) | 21(5.4) | 14(3.6) | 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.0 ± 3.5 | 24.1 ± 3.9 | 24.1 ± 3.7 | 24.0 ± 3.4 | 23.9 ± 3.0 | 23.8 ± 3.3 | 0.824 |
| SBP on admission, mmHg | 144.7 ± 21.0 | 142.9 ± 20.2 | 143.5 ± 20.5 | 144.9 ± 20.3 | 146.0 ± 21.4 | 145.9 ± 22.5 | 0.158 |
| DBP on admission, mmHg | 85.7 ± 12.2 | 85.2 ± 11.0 | 84.0 ± 12.4 | 86.1 ± 12.0 | 86.5 ± 12.4 | 86.5 ± 12.7 | 0.019 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1313(68.3) | 247(67.9) | 244(63.7) | 281(69.9) | 274(70.8) | 267(69.2) | 0.24 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 409(21.3) | 68(18.7) | 87(22.7) | 87(21.6) | 72(18.6) | 95(24.6) | 0.186 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 106(5.5) | 20(5.5) | 24(6.3) | 16(4) | 22(5.7) | 24(6.2) | 0.623 |
| Laboratory findings | |||||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 0.252 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 0.177 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.9 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 0.356 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 5.9 ± 2.3 | 5.5 ± 1.7 | 5.9 ± 2.3 | 5.8 ± 2.2 | 6.0 ± 2.5 | 6.2 ± 2.7 | 0.004 |
| ALT, U/L | 19.0(14.0,28.0) | 17.2(13.0,26.0) | 18.0(14.0,26.0) | 19.0(14.0,29.0) | 21.0(14.3,30.0) | 21.0(15.1,29.8) | < 0.001 |
| AST, U/L | 21.0(17.0,27.1) | 20.0(16.1,27.0) | 20.0(17.0,25.0) | 22.0(17.0,27.0) | 22.0(17.0,30.0) | 22.0(18.0,29.4) | < 0.001 |
| ALP,U/L | 79.3 ± 27.8 | 48.3 ± 10.0 | 64.1 ± 3.0 | 75.4 ± 3.4 | 88.5 ± 4.4 | 118.3 ± 30.7 | < 0.001 |
| Homocysteine, μmol/L | 21.6 ± 14.3 | 19.4 ± 12.7 | 21.5 ± 14.9 | 20.7 ± 13.3 | 23.1 ± 16.5 | 23.1 ± 13.9 | 0.015 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.038 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 80.6 ± 10.6 | 81.2 ± 10.2 | 80.7 ± 11.0 | 80.8 ± 10.9 | 80.2 ± 10.5 | 80.1 ± 10.3 | 0.613 |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen, mmol/L | 4.9 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 1.5 | 4.8 ± 1.5 | 5.1 ± 1.8 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 0.221 |
| Uric Acid, μmol/L | 285.2 ± 91.1 | 280.6 ± 92.6 | 291.4 ± 92.7 | 285.0 ± 88.9 | 292.3 ± 94.2 | 276.7 ± 86.5 | 0.08 |
| Leukocyte values, × 109/L | 6.9 ± 2.4 | 6.5 ± 2.2 | 6.7 ± 2.2 | 6.7 ± 2.2 | 7.1 ± 2.6 | 7.2 ± 2.5 | < 0.001 |
Abbreviations: NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, HDL-C High density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALP Alkaline phosphatase, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure
Q1: < 58.8 U/L, Q2: 58.8–69.5 U/L, Q3: 69.6–81.6 U/L, Q4: 81.7–97.5 U/L, Q5: ≥ 97.6 U/L