Table 3.
Difference-in-differences analyses of the EEG variables. Entries are least-squares means (95% confidence intervals). Entries in bold are those for which the confidence interval does not contain 0. Note: CPM = comparison pearl millet, BPM = biofortified pearl millet
| Baseline | Endline | Difference in | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Task | Variable | CPM | BPM | CPM | BPM | Condition | Assessment | Differences |
| SRT | N1 amplitude (uV) | -2.83 (-3.74, -1.92) | -2.06 (-2.89. -1.23) | -1.12 (-2.03, -0.21) | -5.75 (-6.60, -4.93) | -0.77 (-2.00, 0.46) | -3.69 (-4.85, -2.52) | 5.40 (3.66, 7.14) |
| P3 amplitude (uV) | 1.78 (1.35, 2.20) | 1.59 (1.20, 1.97) | 1.48 (1.05, 1.91) | 2.08 (1.69, 2.46) | 0.19 (-0.38, 0.76) | 0.49 (-0.05, 1.03) | -0.78 (-1.59., 0.03) | |
| Alpha power (db/Hz) | 0.249 (0.246, 0.253) | 0.251 (0.248, 0.254) | 0.254 (0.251, 0.257) | 0.251 (0.248, 0.254) | -0.002 (-0.006, 0.003) | 0.000 (-0.004,0.004) | 0.004 (-0.002, 0.011) | |
| Gamma power (db/Hz) | 0.047 (0.044, 0.051) | 0.047 (0.044, 0.051) | 0.048 (0.044, 0.051) | 0.052 (0.048, 0.056) | 0.000 (-0.005, 0.005) | 0.005 (0.000, 0.010) | -0.005 (-0.012, 0.003) | |
| GNG | N1 amplitude (uV) | -1.82 (-2.51, -1.14) | -1.46 (-2.05, -0.86) | -0.72 (-1.40, -0.04) | -1.31 (-1.90, -0.71) | -0.37 (-1.27, 0.54) | 0.15 (-0.70, 0.99) | 0.96 (-0.33, 2.24) |
| P3 amplitude (uV) | 1.89 (1.25, 2.52) | 1.42 (0.87, 1.98) | 0.81 (0.17, 1.44) | 1.13 (0.58, 1.69) | 0.46 (-0.38, 1.31) | -0.29 (-1.08, 0.49) | -0.79 (-1.98, 0.40) | |
| Alpha power (db/Hz) | -3.96 (-7.83, -0.08) | -3.80 (-7.57, -0.03) | -4.51 (-8.38, -0.63) | -4.14 (-7.91, -0.37) | -0.16 (-5.57, 5.25) | -0.34 (-5.67, 5.00) | -0.21 (-7.86, 7.44) | |
| Gamma power (db/Hz) | -17.64 (-22.37, ’12.90) | -17.32 (-22.32, -12.32) | -41.22 (-45.96, -36.48) | -40.94 (-45.94, -35.94) | -0.32 (-7.20, 6.57) | -23.62 (-30.69, -16.55) | 0.04 (-9.70, 9.78) | |
| ANT | N1 amplitude (uV) | -2.28 (-2.57, -2.00) | -2.33 (-2.59, -2.06) | -2.00 (-2.27, -1.71) | -2.33 (-2.59, -2.06) | 0.05 (-0.34, 0.43) | -0.12 (-0.50, 0.25) | 0.41 (-0.14, 0.96) |
| P3 amplitude (uV) | 2.61 (2.37, 2.86) | 2.75 (2.52, 2.98) | 2.06 (1.81, 2.30) | 2.61 (2.38, 2.83) | -0.14 (-0.47, 0.20) | -0.14 (-0.46, 0.18) | -0.41 (-0.89, 0.06) | |
| Alpha power (db/Hz) | -3.96 (-7.84, -0.08) | -3.80 (-7.57, -0.03) | -4.51 (-8.38, -0.63) | -4.14 (-7.91, -0.37) | 0.16 (-5.57, 5.25) | -0.34 (-5.67, 5.00) | -0.21 (-7.86, 7.44) | |
| Gamma power (db/Hz) | -17.64 (-22.37, -12.90) | -17.32 (-22.32, -12.32) | -41.22 (-45.96, -36.48) | -40.94 (-45.94, -35.94) | -0.32 (-7.20, 6.60) | -23.62 (-30.69, -16.55) | 0.04 (-9.70, 9.78) | |
| CFE | N1 amplitude (uV), contrast | -1.50 (-0.99, -2.00) | -1.23 (-0.77, -1.69) | -2.41 (-1.91, -2.92) | -2.99 (-2.53, -3.45) | -0.27 (-0.41, -0.96) | -1.76 (-1.11, -2.41) | -0.85 (-1.81, 0.12) |
| P3 amplitude (uV), contrast | 1.52 (1.12, 1.91) | 1.82 (1.47, 2.18) | 1.48 (1.09, 1.87) | 2.05 (1.69, 2.40) | -0.31 (-0.84, 0.22) | 0.22 (-0.28, 0.73) | -0.26 (-1.01, 0.49) | |
| Alpha power (db/Hz), contrast | 3.01 (2.33, 3.70) | 3.33 (2.66, 4.00) | 3.00 (2.32, 3.68) | 2.90 (2.23, 3.58) | -0.32 (-1.27, 0.64) | -0.43 (-1.37, 0.52) | 0.42 (-0.94, 1.77) | |
| Gamma power (db/Hz), contrast | 3.51 (2.82, 4.20) | 3.11 (2.38, 3.84) | 2.52 (1.82, 3.22) | 3.00 (2.28, 3.73) | 0.40 (-0.60, 1.40) | -0.10 (-1.13, 0.93) | -0.89 (-2.31, 0.54) | |
| CRT | N1 amplitude, slope (uV) | 0.10 (-0.24, 0.43) | -0.10 (-0.39, 0.19) | 0.24 (-0.10, 0.58) | -0.12 (-0.42, 0.17) | 0.19 (-0.25, 0.64) | -0.03 (-0.44, 0.39) | 0.17 (-0.46, 0.80) |
| . | P3 amplitude, slope (uV) | 0.42 (-0.05, 0.88) | 0.38 (-0.02, 0.79) | 0.57 (0.11, 1.03) | 0.93 (0.52, 1.34) | 0.03 (-0.58, 0.65) | 0.55 (-0.03, 1.13) | -0.40 (-1.27, 0.47) |
| Alpha power, slope (db/Hz) | -0.58 (-1.28, 0.13) | -0.18 (-0.44, 0.80) | -0.24 (-0.94, 0.46) | 0.63 (0.01, 1.25) | -0.76 (-1.70, 0.18) | 0.45 (-0.42, 1.33) | -0.12 (-1.44, 1.21) | |
| Gamma power, slope (db/Hz) | -0.59 (-1.64, 0.46) | 0.26 (-0.67, 1.18) | 0.25 (-0.80, 1.30) | 2.22 (1.29, 3.15) | -0.84 (-2.24, 0.56) | 1.97 (0.66, 3.28) | -1.13 (-3.11, 0.85) | |