Comparison study with aglycon. (A) NHDF cells
were treated with
vehicle (0.1% DMSO, shown as −), PDGF-BB (25 ng/mL, shown as
P), C3G, or cyanidin at the indicated concentrations for 120 h. The
amount of HGF secreted into the culture medium was measured by ELISA
assay. Statistical analysis was conducted using Student’s t-test.
Significance difference (**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05) versus vehicle treatment group. n = 5. (B) HEK293 cells were transiently co-transfected with pGL4.29
and pcDNA3.1-β2AR and then seeded into a 96-well
plate. Transfected cells were treated with vehicle (0.1% DMSO, shown
as −), isoproterenol (10 μM, shown as Iso), C3G, or cyanidin
at the indicated concentrations for 24 h treatment. Luminescence was
measured using cell lysates. Statistical analysis was conducted using
one-way ANOVA (Tukey’s test). Significant difference (****p < 0.0001, **p < 0.01) versus vehicle
treatment group. n = 5.