TABLE 1.
Participants’ characteristics in the total sample size according to appetite.
| Total (n = 158) | (Very) Good appetite (n = 137) | Moderate appetite (n = 21) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years], median (P25–P75) | 77.0 (76.0–80.0) | 77.0 (76.0–80.0) | 78.0 (76.0–82.0) | 0.168 | |
| Living situation: alone, n (%) | 86 (54.4%) | 71 (51.8%) | 15 (71.4%) | 0.093 | |
| Sex: Female, n (%) | 78 (49.4%) | 65 (47.4%) | 13 (61.9%) | 0.217 | |
| Medications, median (P25–P75) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 3.0 (1.0–4.5) | 0.167 | |
| GDS, median (P25–P75) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | 1.0 (0.0–1.0) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 0.001 | |
| MNA-LF, Median (P25–P75) | 27.5 (25.5–28.5) | 27.5 (26.0–28.5) | 26.5 (23.7–27.5) | 0.007 | |
| Malnutrition, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| At risk of malnutrition, n (%) | 11 (7.0) | 6 (4.4) | 5 (23.8) | 0.001 | |
| Well-nourished, n (%) | 146 (93.0) | 130 (95.6) | 16 (76.2) | ||
| BMI, [kg/m2], mean (SD) | 26.5 (4.0) | 26.6 (3.9) | 25.9 (4.2) | 0.468 | |
| Waist circumference [cm], Median (P25–P75) | Female n = 78 | 89.4 (81.2–99.2) | 90.0 (82.4–99.4) | 85.7 (76.6–97.9) | 0.395 |
| Male n = 80 | 103.2 (94.7–109.1) | 103.7 (94.7–109.1) | 97.5 (93.3–111.8) | 0.665 | |
| Leptin [mg/mL], median (P25-P75) | 9.00 (4.34–17.67) | 9.00 (4.41–34.3) | 10.29 (3.71–17.99) | 0.978 | |
| IL-6 [pg/mL], median (P25–P75) | 2.91 (1.32–3.60) | 2.93 (1.32–3.70) | 2.89 (2.29–3.49) | 0.971 | |
| TNF-α [pg/mL], median (P25–P75) | 2.80 (1.18–4.03) | 2.68 (1.18–3.97) | 3.30 (2.92–4.63) | 0.094 | |
GDS, geriatric depression scale (0–15 points), a score below 5 points defines a non-depressive mood; MNA-LF, mini nutritional assessment-long form (0–30 Points), a score above 23.5 indicates being well-nourished; BMI, body mass index; IL-6: Interleukin 6; Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α); Comparison between the groups: chi-square test for categorical data, Mann-Whitney-U-test or t-test for continuous data